Translation and cultural adaption of the emergency department—consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (ED CAPHS): A questionnaire to measure patient experience in Denmark

Aim: The aim of this study was to translate and culturally adapt The Emergency Department—Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (ED CAPHS) to the Danish ED context. Background: In Denmark, a large number of patients attend emergency departments (ED) every year. During their ED visits, examinations, tests and encounters with different healthcare professionals occur frequently. Moreover, patients receive much information. Patients' direct experiences of care can provide valuable insights into what works and what does not in health care. The emergency department—consumer assessment of healthcare providers and systems (ED CAPHS) is a valid questionnaire designed to measure patients' experiences with ED care and is intended for patients discharged home following their ED visit. Method: The translation process was systematically planned and executed using the principles of good practice for the translation and cultural adaptation process for patient-reported outcomes (PRO) guidelines by the ISPOR. Results: The translation and cultural adaption process were successfully conducted. Three items concerning language and race were omitted as they are not distinct in Danish ED context. Furthermore, a few conceptual factors and linguistic challenges were discussed and harmonised during the reconciliation and harmonisation process respectively. The Danish survey ED CAPHS DK containing 32 items was proofread and finalised. Conclusion: Overall, patients reported that the survey was relevant and comprehensive, as it focused on essential factors when discharged directly home after an ED admission. ED CAPHS DK is found to be content valid and ready for use. However, a future study testing the Danish version using confirmative factor analysis and internal consistency reliability is needed to ensure construct validity and reliability.