TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of traditional diet on glucose homoeostasis in carriers and non-carriers of a common TBC1D4 variant in Greenlandic Inuit
T2 - a randomised crossover study.
AU - Lewis, Jack I.
AU - Lind, Mads Vendelbo
AU - Møller, Grith
AU - Hansen, Torben
AU - Pedersen, Hanne
AU - Christensen, Marie M.B.
AU - Laursen, Jens C.
AU - Nielsen, Sara
AU - Ottendahl, Charlotte B.
AU - Larsen, Christina V.L.
AU - Stark, Ken D.
AU - Bjerregaard, Peter
AU - Jørgensen, Marit E.
AU - Lauritzen, Lotte
PY - 2023/12/14
Y1 - 2023/12/14
N2 - Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a
TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homoeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant in a randomised crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions: Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 2-h), 14-d continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared with the Western diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0·17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·05, 0·29;
P = 0·006) and 0·26 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·06, 0·46;
P = 0·010), respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0·5 kg (95 % CI; 0·09, 0·90;
P = 0·016) relative to the Western diet and 4 % (95 % CI 1, 9;
P = 0·018) lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0·09 mmol/l (0·03, 0·15),
P = 0·006). A diet-gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p = 0·093), which reflected a non-significant increase of 1·4 (-0·6, 3·5) mmol/l in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared with a Westernised diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the
TBC1D4 variant warrant further studies.
AB - Consumption of traditional foods is decreasing amid a lifestyle transition in Greenland as incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) increases. In homozygous carriers of a
TBC1D4 variant, conferring postprandial insulin resistance, the risk of T2D is markedly higher. We investigated the effects of traditional marine diets on glucose homoeostasis and cardio-metabolic health in Greenlandic Inuit carriers and non-carriers of the variant in a randomised crossover study consisting of two 4-week dietary interventions: Traditional (marine-based, low-carbohydrate) and Western (high in imported meats and carbohydrates). Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 2-h), 14-d continuous glucose and cardio-metabolic markers were assessed to investigate the effect of diet and genotype. Compared with the Western diet, the Traditional diet reduced mean and maximum daily blood glucose by 0·17 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·05, 0·29;
P = 0·006) and 0·26 mmol/l (95 % CI 0·06, 0·46;
P = 0·010), respectively, with dose-dependency. Furthermore, it gave rise to a weight loss of 0·5 kg (95 % CI; 0·09, 0·90;
P = 0·016) relative to the Western diet and 4 % (95 % CI 1, 9;
P = 0·018) lower LDL:HDL-cholesterol, which after adjustment for weight loss appeared to be driven by HDL elevation (0·09 mmol/l (0·03, 0·15),
P = 0·006). A diet-gene interaction was indicated on insulin sensitivity in the OGTT (p = 0·093), which reflected a non-significant increase of 1·4 (-0·6, 3·5) mmol/l in carrier 2-h glucose. A Traditional diet marginally improved daily glycaemic control and plasma lipid profile compared with a Westernised diet in Greenlandic Inuit. Possible adverse effects on glucose tolerance in carriers of the
TBC1D4 variant warrant further studies.
KW - cardio-metabolic markers
KW - insulin sensitivity
KW - Marine diet
KW - n-3 LCPUFA
KW - TBC1D4 genotype/p.Arg684Ter
U2 - 10.1017/S000711452300106X
DO - 10.1017/S000711452300106X
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 37129117
AN - SCOPUS:85160908756
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 130
SP - 1871
EP - 1884
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 11
ER -