Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation

S Ball; C Ekelund; D Wright; I Kirkegaard; P Nørgaard; O B Petersen; A Tabor; Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group; Lene  Sperling

doi:10.1002/uog.11209

Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation

S Ball, C Ekelund, D Wright, I Kirkegaard, P Nørgaard, O B Petersen, A Tabor, Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group, Lene Sperling

KI, OUH, Research unit of Gynaecology and Obstetrics

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gestational age-dependent effects of racial origin, smoking status and mode of conception on maternal serum levels of free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 7-14 weeks' gestation.

METHODS: This was an analysis of data from prospective first-trimester combined screening for aneuploidies in singleton pregnancies, with β-hCG and PAPP-A measured at 7 + 1 to 14 + 3 weeks' gestation. We included 27,908 pregnancies from three centers in the U.K. and 125,461 pregnancies from 22 centers in Denmark, all with known normal fetal karyotype or resulting in the birth of a phenotypically normal neonate. Multiple regression modelling of log10 -transformed marker concentrations was used to produce log10 multiple of the median (MoM) values for free β-hCG and PAPP-A and to examine pregnancy characteristics that have significant effects on marker concentrations.

RESULTS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations were significantly affected by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, parity, smoking and mode of conception. There were significant gestational age-dependent effects attributed to Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and conception through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) on PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels. In women of Afro-Caribbean race there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 5.3% and in free β-hCG of 1.8%. In smokers there was a weekly decrease in PAPP-A of 2.4% and in free β-hCG of 1.6%. In cases of IVF conceptions there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 4.5% and in free β-hCG of 4.6%.

CONCLUSIONS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations at 7-14 weeks' gestation are affected by several pregnancy characteristics. The effects of Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and IVF conception change with gestational age.

Original language	English
Journal	Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Volume	41
Issue number	1
Pages (from-to)	33-39
Number of pages	7
ISSN	0960-7692
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.11209
Publication status	Published - Jan 2013

Keywords

Adult
Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human
Ethnic Groups
Female
Gestational Age
Humans
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
Risk Factors
Smoking
Time Factors
free β-human chorionic gonadotropin
first-trimester screening
pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A
pregnancy characteristics
gestational age

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Ball, S., Ekelund, C., Wright, D., Kirkegaard, I., Nørgaard, P., Petersen, O. B., Tabor, A., Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group, & Sperling, L. (2013). Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, 41(1), 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.11209

Ball, S ; Ekelund, C ; Wright, D et al. / Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation. In: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013 ; Vol. 41, No. 1. pp. 33-39.

@article{de07d64a915348438950d80182350d71,

title = "Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gestational age-dependent effects of racial origin, smoking status and mode of conception on maternal serum levels of free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 7-14 weeks' gestation.METHODS: This was an analysis of data from prospective first-trimester combined screening for aneuploidies in singleton pregnancies, with β-hCG and PAPP-A measured at 7 + 1 to 14 + 3 weeks' gestation. We included 27,908 pregnancies from three centers in the U.K. and 125,461 pregnancies from 22 centers in Denmark, all with known normal fetal karyotype or resulting in the birth of a phenotypically normal neonate. Multiple regression modelling of log10 -transformed marker concentrations was used to produce log10 multiple of the median (MoM) values for free β-hCG and PAPP-A and to examine pregnancy characteristics that have significant effects on marker concentrations.RESULTS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations were significantly affected by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, parity, smoking and mode of conception. There were significant gestational age-dependent effects attributed to Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and conception through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) on PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels. In women of Afro-Caribbean race there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 5.3% and in free β-hCG of 1.8%. In smokers there was a weekly decrease in PAPP-A of 2.4% and in free β-hCG of 1.6%. In cases of IVF conceptions there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 4.5% and in free β-hCG of 4.6%.CONCLUSIONS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations at 7-14 weeks' gestation are affected by several pregnancy characteristics. The effects of Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and IVF conception change with gestational age.",

keywords = "Adult, Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human, Ethnic Groups, Female, Gestational Age, Humans, Pregnancy, Pregnancy Trimester, First, Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A, Risk Factors, Smoking, Time Factors, free β-human chorionic gonadotropin, first-trimester screening, pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A, pregnancy characteristics, gestational age",

author = "S Ball and C Ekelund and D Wright and I Kirkegaard and P N{\o}rgaard and Petersen, {O B} and A Tabor and {Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group} and Lene Sperling",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.",

year = "2013",

month = jan,

doi = "10.1002/uog.11209",

language = "English",

volume = "41",

pages = "33--39",

journal = "Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology",

issn = "0960-7692",

publisher = "Wiley",

number = "1",

}

Ball, S, Ekelund, C, Wright, D, Kirkegaard, I, Nørgaard, P, Petersen, OB, Tabor, A, Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group & Sperling, L 2013, 'Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation', Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 33-39. https://doi.org/10.1002/uog.11209

Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation. / Ball, S; Ekelund, C; Wright, D et al.
In: Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vol. 41, No. 1, 01.2013, p. 33-39.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation

AU - Ball, S

AU - Ekelund, C

AU - Wright, D

AU - Kirkegaard, I

AU - Nørgaard, P

AU - Petersen, O B

AU - Tabor, A

AU - Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group

AU - Sperling, Lene

PY - 2013/1

Y1 - 2013/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gestational age-dependent effects of racial origin, smoking status and mode of conception on maternal serum levels of free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 7-14 weeks' gestation.METHODS: This was an analysis of data from prospective first-trimester combined screening for aneuploidies in singleton pregnancies, with β-hCG and PAPP-A measured at 7 + 1 to 14 + 3 weeks' gestation. We included 27,908 pregnancies from three centers in the U.K. and 125,461 pregnancies from 22 centers in Denmark, all with known normal fetal karyotype or resulting in the birth of a phenotypically normal neonate. Multiple regression modelling of log10 -transformed marker concentrations was used to produce log10 multiple of the median (MoM) values for free β-hCG and PAPP-A and to examine pregnancy characteristics that have significant effects on marker concentrations.RESULTS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations were significantly affected by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, parity, smoking and mode of conception. There were significant gestational age-dependent effects attributed to Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and conception through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) on PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels. In women of Afro-Caribbean race there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 5.3% and in free β-hCG of 1.8%. In smokers there was a weekly decrease in PAPP-A of 2.4% and in free β-hCG of 1.6%. In cases of IVF conceptions there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 4.5% and in free β-hCG of 4.6%.CONCLUSIONS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations at 7-14 weeks' gestation are affected by several pregnancy characteristics. The effects of Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and IVF conception change with gestational age.

AB - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate gestational age-dependent effects of racial origin, smoking status and mode of conception on maternal serum levels of free β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) at 7-14 weeks' gestation.METHODS: This was an analysis of data from prospective first-trimester combined screening for aneuploidies in singleton pregnancies, with β-hCG and PAPP-A measured at 7 + 1 to 14 + 3 weeks' gestation. We included 27,908 pregnancies from three centers in the U.K. and 125,461 pregnancies from 22 centers in Denmark, all with known normal fetal karyotype or resulting in the birth of a phenotypically normal neonate. Multiple regression modelling of log10 -transformed marker concentrations was used to produce log10 multiple of the median (MoM) values for free β-hCG and PAPP-A and to examine pregnancy characteristics that have significant effects on marker concentrations.RESULTS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations were significantly affected by gestational age, maternal weight, racial origin, parity, smoking and mode of conception. There were significant gestational age-dependent effects attributed to Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and conception through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) on PAPP-A and free β-hCG levels. In women of Afro-Caribbean race there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 5.3% and in free β-hCG of 1.8%. In smokers there was a weekly decrease in PAPP-A of 2.4% and in free β-hCG of 1.6%. In cases of IVF conceptions there was a weekly increase in PAPP-A of 4.5% and in free β-hCG of 4.6%.CONCLUSIONS: Serum free β-hCG and PAPP-A concentrations at 7-14 weeks' gestation are affected by several pregnancy characteristics. The effects of Afro-Caribbean race, smoking and IVF conception change with gestational age.

KW - Adult

KW - Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human

KW - Ethnic Groups

KW - Female

KW - Gestational Age

KW - Humans

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Pregnancy Trimester, First

KW - Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A

KW - Risk Factors

KW - Smoking

KW - Time Factors

KW - free β-human chorionic gonadotropin

KW - first-trimester screening

KW - pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A

KW - pregnancy characteristics

KW - gestational age

U2 - 10.1002/uog.11209

DO - 10.1002/uog.11209

M3 - Journal article

C2 - 22689065

SN - 0960-7692

VL - 41

SP - 33

EP - 39

JO - Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

JF - Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology

IS - 1

ER -

Ball S, Ekelund C, Wright D, Kirkegaard I, Nørgaard P, Petersen OB et al. Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation. Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2013 Jan;41(1):33-39. doi: 10.1002/uog.11209

Temporal effects of maternal and pregnancy characteristics on serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A and free β-human chorionic gonadotropin at 7-14 weeks' gestation

Abstract

Keywords

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