TY - JOUR
T1 - Residential exposure to transportation noise in Denmark and incidence of dementia
T2 - National cohort study
AU - Cantuaria, Manuella Lech
AU - Waldorff, Frans Boch
AU - Wermuth, Lene
AU - Pedersen, Ellen Raben
AU - Poulsen, Aslak Harbo
AU - Thacher, Jesse Daniel
AU - Raaschou-Nielsen, Ole
AU - Ketzel, Matthias
AU - Khan, Jibran
AU - Valencia, Victor H.
AU - Schmidt, Jesper Hvass
AU - Sørensen, Mette
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
©
PY - 2021/9/8
Y1 - 2021/9/8
N2 - Objective To investigate the association between long term residential exposure to road traffic and railway noise and risk of incident dementia. Design Nationwide prospective register based cohort study. Setting Denmark. Participants 1 938 994 adults aged ≥60 years living in Denmark between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2017. Main outcome measures Incident cases of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease related dementia), identified from national hospital and prescription registries. Results The study population included 103 500 participants with incident dementia, and of those, 31 219 received a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, 8664 of vascular dementia, and 2192 of Parkinson's disease related dementia. Using Cox regression models, 10 year mean exposure to road traffic and railway noise at the most (L den max) and least (L den min) exposed façades of buildings were associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia. These associations showed a general pattern of higher hazard ratios with higher noise exposure, but with a levelling off or even small declines in risk at higher noise levels. In subtype analyses, both road traffic noise and railway noise were associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, with hazard ratios of 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.22) for road L den max ≥65 dB compared with <45 dB, 1.27 (1.22 to 1.34) for road L den min ≥55 dB compared with <40 dB, 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) for railway L den max ≥60 dB compared with <40 dB, and 1.24 (1.17 to 1.30) for railway L den min ≥50 dB compared with <40 dB. Road traffic, but not railway, noise was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia. Results indicated associations between road traffic L den min and Parkinson's disease related dementia. Conclusions This nationwide cohort study found transportation noise to be associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes, especially Alzheimer's disease.
AB - Objective To investigate the association between long term residential exposure to road traffic and railway noise and risk of incident dementia. Design Nationwide prospective register based cohort study. Setting Denmark. Participants 1 938 994 adults aged ≥60 years living in Denmark between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2017. Main outcome measures Incident cases of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes (Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, and Parkinson's disease related dementia), identified from national hospital and prescription registries. Results The study population included 103 500 participants with incident dementia, and of those, 31 219 received a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, 8664 of vascular dementia, and 2192 of Parkinson's disease related dementia. Using Cox regression models, 10 year mean exposure to road traffic and railway noise at the most (L den max) and least (L den min) exposed façades of buildings were associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia. These associations showed a general pattern of higher hazard ratios with higher noise exposure, but with a levelling off or even small declines in risk at higher noise levels. In subtype analyses, both road traffic noise and railway noise were associated with a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease, with hazard ratios of 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.11 to 1.22) for road L den max ≥65 dB compared with <45 dB, 1.27 (1.22 to 1.34) for road L den min ≥55 dB compared with <40 dB, 1.16 (1.10 to 1.23) for railway L den max ≥60 dB compared with <40 dB, and 1.24 (1.17 to 1.30) for railway L den min ≥50 dB compared with <40 dB. Road traffic, but not railway, noise was associated with an increased risk of vascular dementia. Results indicated associations between road traffic L den min and Parkinson's disease related dementia. Conclusions This nationwide cohort study found transportation noise to be associated with a higher risk of all cause dementia and dementia subtypes, especially Alzheimer's disease.
KW - Aged
KW - Causality
KW - Dementia/epidemiology
KW - Denmark/epidemiology
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Incidence
KW - Male
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Noise, Transportation/adverse effects
KW - Proportional Hazards Models
KW - Prospective Studies
KW - Registries
U2 - 10.1136/bmj.n1954
DO - 10.1136/bmj.n1954
M3 - Journal article
C2 - 34497091
AN - SCOPUS:85114799096
SN - 0959-8146
VL - 374
JO - The BMJ
JF - The BMJ
M1 - n1954
ER -