TY - JOUR
T1 - Raman spectroscopy as a tool for viability assessment of planktonic organisms in UV treated ballast water
AU - Andreasen, Mikkel
AU - Lundgreen, Kim
AU - Holbech, Henrik
AU - Hedegaard, Martin A.B.
PY - 2020/9/1
Y1 - 2020/9/1
N2 - To comply with regulations stated by the United Nation's International Maritime Organization, ballast water discharged by ships must be treated to avoid the spread of invasive organisms including algae. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis was used to make a Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) classification model for discrimination between viable (potential invasive) and UV exposed non-viable organisms. UV exposure is commonly used as a ballast water treatment strategy and a UV based exposure method was developed such that non-viable (and dying) algae consistently could be obtained. Raman spectra from both viable and UV treated algae of Rhodomonas salina and Tetraselmis suecica were measured. A PLS-DA model was obtained to form the normalized dataset, and Cross-Validated using Venetian blinds. Based on their individual Raman spectra, it was possible to obtain 100 % discrimination between the two algal species. The model classified 92 and 91 % of the viable algae correctly for R. salina and T. suecica, respectively, as opposed to 82 and 94 % for non-viable algae. In conclusion, in this proof of concept study, Raman spectroscopy was found to have a potential for algae species identification as well as discrimination between viable and non-viable algae.
AB - To comply with regulations stated by the United Nation's International Maritime Organization, ballast water discharged by ships must be treated to avoid the spread of invasive organisms including algae. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis was used to make a Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) classification model for discrimination between viable (potential invasive) and UV exposed non-viable organisms. UV exposure is commonly used as a ballast water treatment strategy and a UV based exposure method was developed such that non-viable (and dying) algae consistently could be obtained. Raman spectra from both viable and UV treated algae of Rhodomonas salina and Tetraselmis suecica were measured. A PLS-DA model was obtained to form the normalized dataset, and Cross-Validated using Venetian blinds. Based on their individual Raman spectra, it was possible to obtain 100 % discrimination between the two algal species. The model classified 92 and 91 % of the viable algae correctly for R. salina and T. suecica, respectively, as opposed to 82 and 94 % for non-viable algae. In conclusion, in this proof of concept study, Raman spectroscopy was found to have a potential for algae species identification as well as discrimination between viable and non-viable algae.
KW - Ballast water
KW - Invasive species
KW - Raman spectroscopy
KW - UV irradiation
KW - Viability
U2 - 10.1016/j.vibspec.2020.103142
DO - 10.1016/j.vibspec.2020.103142
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85090333743
VL - 110
JO - Vibrational Spectroscopy
JF - Vibrational Spectroscopy
SN - 0924-2031
M1 - 103142
ER -