Prevalence and consequences of musculoskeletal pain in the upper and lower extremities: A cross-sectional analysis of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes in Denmark

Aims: To describe the one-week and 12-month prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in the upper and lower extremities and consequences in relation to care seeking, leisure time activity, and work life in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey including adults diagnosed with type 1 and 2 diabetes from two Danish secondary care databases. Questions covered pain prevalence (shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee, ankle) and its consequences based on the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire. Data was presented using proportions (95 % confidence intervals). Results: The analysis included 3767 patients. The one-week prevalence was 9.3–30.8 % and 12-month prevalence 13.9–41.8 %, highest for shoulder pain (30.8–41.8 %). The prevalence was similar between type 1 and 2 diabetes for the upper extremity, but higher in type 2 for the lower extremity. Women had a higher pain prevalence for any joint for both diabetes types, while estimates did not vary between age groups (<60 or ≥60 years). More than half of the patients had reduced their activities at work or leisure time, and more than one-third had sought care during the past year because of pain. Conclusions: Musculoskeletal pain in the upper and lower extremities is common in patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes from Denmark, with considerable consequences for work and leisure activities.