Abstract
The need for effective technologies to deal with environmental issues is one of the basic approaches within the smart grid concept. Electrical vehicles (EV) are promising technology that provides multiple advantages for both utility and consumers. One of the main challenges of EVs is charging management, which effects on efficiency and popularity of EVs operation. For handling this issue, a new concept named battery swapping station (BSS) for more integration of EVs in microgrids is introduced in this chapter. In addition to market participation, BSS as a large energy storage system can provide adequate reserve for microgrid in islanded operation. So, in this chapter, a novel microgrid operation scheduling consisting of BSS is proposed. The problem is formulated as a bi-level problem: the upper-level minimizes microgrid operation cost including generation and purchasing cost, while BSS profit maximization is the target of lower-level. Participation of BSS in the reserve market beside the local generation units, causes the microgrid capability in operating in islanding mode for multiple hours. The proposed model is implemented on the 10-bus microgrid test system where the results show its effectiveness.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Electric vehicles in energy systems : modelling, integration, analysis, and optimization |
Editors | Ali Ahmadian, Ali Elkamel, Behnam Mohammadi-ivatloo |
Place of Publication | Switzerland |
Publisher | Springer |
Publication date | 1. Jan 2020 |
Pages | 249-267 |
Chapter | 10 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783030344474 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783030344481 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 1. Jan 2020 |
Externally published | Yes |
Keywords
- Battery swapping station
- Bi-level optimization
- Electrical vehicle
- Islanding mode
- Microgrid