Multi-ejector concept: A comprehensive review on its latest technological developments

Paride Gullo; Armin Hafner; Krzysztof Banasiak; Silvia Minetto; Ekaterini E. Kriezi

doi:10.3390/en12030406

Multi-ejector concept: A comprehensive review on its latest technological developments

Paride Gullo, Armin Hafner^*, Krzysztof Banasiak, Silvia Minetto, Ekaterini E. Kriezi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Journal article › Research › peer-review

Abstract

The adoption of the EU F-Gas Regulation 517/2014 and the resulting development of the multi-ejector concept have led carbon dioxide to take center stage as the sole refrigerant (R744) in several applications. Therefore, a knock-on effect on the number of supermarkets relying on “CO ₂ only” refrigeration systems has been experienced. Additionally, a global consensus of commercial multi-ejector based R744 units is also intensifying as a consequence of both the promising results obtained and the other measures in force for environment preservation. Furthermore, the multi-ejector concept is expected to offer significant energy savings in other high energy-demanding buildings (e.g., hotels, gyms, spas) as well, even in warm climates. In this investigation, the evolution of R744 ejector supported parallel vapor compression system layouts for food retail applications was summed up. Furthermore, their technological aspects, the results related to the main theoretical assessments and some relevant field/laboratory measurements were summarized. Also, the experience gained in the adoption of the multi-ejector concept in transcritical R744 vapor-compression units aimed at other energy intensive applications was presented. Finally, the persistent barriers needing to be overcome as well as the required future work were brought to light.

Original language	English
Article number	406
Journal	Energies
Volume	12
Issue number	3
ISSN	1996-1073
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030406
Publication status	Published - 28. Jan 2019
Externally published	Yes

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union under the programme H2020-EU.3.3.1.—Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint by smart and sustainable use (Grant Agreement number: 723137).

Keywords

Air conditioning
Chiller
CO
Commercial refrigeration
Heat pump
Heat recovery
Industrial refrigeration
R744
Transcritical vapor-compression system
Two-phase ejector

Documents & Links

10.3390/en12030406Licence: CC BY

SDU Link

Check access to the material in SDU Library's search engine

Cite this

@article{c72030c08828415aa4ad9d313511c175,

title = "Multi-ejector concept: A comprehensive review on its latest technological developments",

abstract = " The adoption of the EU F-Gas Regulation 517/2014 and the resulting development of the multi-ejector concept have led carbon dioxide to take center stage as the sole refrigerant (R744) in several applications. Therefore, a knock-on effect on the number of supermarkets relying on “CO 2 only” refrigeration systems has been experienced. Additionally, a global consensus of commercial multi-ejector based R744 units is also intensifying as a consequence of both the promising results obtained and the other measures in force for environment preservation. Furthermore, the multi-ejector concept is expected to offer significant energy savings in other high energy-demanding buildings (e.g., hotels, gyms, spas) as well, even in warm climates. In this investigation, the evolution of R744 ejector supported parallel vapor compression system layouts for food retail applications was summed up. Furthermore, their technological aspects, the results related to the main theoretical assessments and some relevant field/laboratory measurements were summarized. Also, the experience gained in the adoption of the multi-ejector concept in transcritical R744 vapor-compression units aimed at other energy intensive applications was presented. Finally, the persistent barriers needing to be overcome as well as the required future work were brought to light. ",

keywords = "Air conditioning, Chiller, CO, Commercial refrigeration, Heat pump, Heat recovery, Industrial refrigeration, R744, Transcritical vapor-compression system, Two-phase ejector",

author = "Paride Gullo and Armin Hafner and Krzysztof Banasiak and Silvia Minetto and Kriezi, {Ekaterini E.}",

note = "Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union under the programme H2020-EU.3.3.1.—Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint by smart and sustainable use (Grant Agreement number: 723137). ",

year = "2019",

month = jan,

day = "28",

doi = "10.3390/en12030406",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "Energies",

issn = "1996-1073",

publisher = "MDPI",

number = "3",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Multi-ejector concept

T2 - A comprehensive review on its latest technological developments

AU - Gullo, Paride

AU - Hafner, Armin

AU - Banasiak, Krzysztof

AU - Minetto, Silvia

AU - Kriezi, Ekaterini E.

N1 - Funding Information: The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union under the programme H2020-EU.3.3.1.—Reducing energy consumption and carbon footprint by smart and sustainable use (Grant Agreement number: 723137).

PY - 2019/1/28

Y1 - 2019/1/28

N2 - The adoption of the EU F-Gas Regulation 517/2014 and the resulting development of the multi-ejector concept have led carbon dioxide to take center stage as the sole refrigerant (R744) in several applications. Therefore, a knock-on effect on the number of supermarkets relying on “CO 2 only” refrigeration systems has been experienced. Additionally, a global consensus of commercial multi-ejector based R744 units is also intensifying as a consequence of both the promising results obtained and the other measures in force for environment preservation. Furthermore, the multi-ejector concept is expected to offer significant energy savings in other high energy-demanding buildings (e.g., hotels, gyms, spas) as well, even in warm climates. In this investigation, the evolution of R744 ejector supported parallel vapor compression system layouts for food retail applications was summed up. Furthermore, their technological aspects, the results related to the main theoretical assessments and some relevant field/laboratory measurements were summarized. Also, the experience gained in the adoption of the multi-ejector concept in transcritical R744 vapor-compression units aimed at other energy intensive applications was presented. Finally, the persistent barriers needing to be overcome as well as the required future work were brought to light.

AB - The adoption of the EU F-Gas Regulation 517/2014 and the resulting development of the multi-ejector concept have led carbon dioxide to take center stage as the sole refrigerant (R744) in several applications. Therefore, a knock-on effect on the number of supermarkets relying on “CO 2 only” refrigeration systems has been experienced. Additionally, a global consensus of commercial multi-ejector based R744 units is also intensifying as a consequence of both the promising results obtained and the other measures in force for environment preservation. Furthermore, the multi-ejector concept is expected to offer significant energy savings in other high energy-demanding buildings (e.g., hotels, gyms, spas) as well, even in warm climates. In this investigation, the evolution of R744 ejector supported parallel vapor compression system layouts for food retail applications was summed up. Furthermore, their technological aspects, the results related to the main theoretical assessments and some relevant field/laboratory measurements were summarized. Also, the experience gained in the adoption of the multi-ejector concept in transcritical R744 vapor-compression units aimed at other energy intensive applications was presented. Finally, the persistent barriers needing to be overcome as well as the required future work were brought to light.

KW - Air conditioning

KW - Chiller

KW - CO

KW - Commercial refrigeration

KW - Heat pump

KW - Heat recovery

KW - Industrial refrigeration

KW - R744

KW - Transcritical vapor-compression system

KW - Two-phase ejector

U2 - 10.3390/en12030406

DO - 10.3390/en12030406

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:85060918111

SN - 1996-1073

VL - 12

JO - Energies

JF - Energies

IS - 3

M1 - 406

ER -

Multi-ejector concept: A comprehensive review on its latest technological developments

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Documents & Links

SDU Link

Fingerprint

Cite this