Mortality and immunovirological outcomes in patients with advanced HIV disease on their first antiretroviral treatment: differential impact of antiretroviral regimens

Joaquin Burgos, Sergio Moreno-Fornés, Juliana Reyes-Urueña, Andreu Bruguera, Raquel Martín-Iguacel, Berta Raventos, Josep M. Llibre, Arkaitz Imaz, Joaquim Peraire, Amat Joaquim Orti, David Dalmau, Jordi Casabona, Josep M. Miró, Vicenç Falcó, PISCIS study group

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To assess the clinical and immunovirological outcomes among naive patients with advanced HIV presentation starting an antiretroviral regimen in real-life settings. METHODS: This was a multicentre, prospective cohort study. We included all treatment-naive adults with advanced HIV disease (CD4+ T cell count < 200 cells/mm3or presence of an AIDS-defining illness) who started therapy between 2010 and 2020. The main outcomes were mortality, virological effectiveness (percentage of patients with viral load of ≤50 copies/mL) and immune restoration (percentage of patients with CD4+ T cell count above 350 cells/mm3). Competing risk analysis and Cox proportional models were performed. A propensity score-matching procedure was applied to assess the impact of the antiretroviral regimen. RESULTS: We included 1594 patients with advanced HIV disease [median CD4+T cell count of 81 cells/mm3and 371 (23.3%) with AIDS-defining illness] and with a median follow-up of 4.44 years. The most common ART used was an integrase strand transfer inhibitor (InSTI) regimen (46.9%), followed by PI (35.7%) and NNRTI (17.4%), with adjusted mortality rates at 3 years of 3.1% (95% CI 1.8%-4.3%), 4.7% (95% CI 2.2%-7.1%) and 7.6% (95% CI 5.4%-9.7%) (P = 0.001), respectively. Factors associated with increased mortality included older age and history of injection drug use, whilst treatment with an InSTI regimen was a protective factor [HR 0.5 (95% CI 0.3-0.9)]. A sensitivity analysis with propensity score procedure confirms these results. Patients who started an InSTI achieved viral suppression and CD4+ T cell count above 350 cells/mm3significantly earlier. CONCLUSIONS: In this large real-life prospective cohort study, a significant lower mortality, earlier viral suppression and earlier immune reconstitution were observed among patients with advanced HIV disease treated with InSTIs.

Original languageEnglish
JournalJournal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
Volume78
Issue number1
Pages (from-to)108-116
ISSN0305-7453
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jan 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].

Keywords

  • Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
  • Adult
  • Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use
  • Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use
  • Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active
  • CD4 Lymphocyte Count
  • HIV Infections
  • HIV Protease Inhibitors/therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Prospective Studies
  • Viral Load

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