Location-based energy efficiency and flexibility strategies for smart campuses: Consideration of different levels of building intelligence and typologies

This paper proposes an approach to investigate building typologies on a selected campus to propose a location-based energy efficiency and flexibility strategy for campuses to provide energy flexibility without compromising educational activities. To do so, this paper selects four different typologies and conduct an analysis on energy consumption patterns based on energy data provided by submeters located throughout the campus. Quantitative and qualitative methods in form of interviews and surveys were used to understand the consumption patterns in each selected type of buildings. Furthermore, the potential flexibilities have been evaluated based on the interview results and electricity market data. This paper defines the buildings intelligence level based on the EU standards EN15232. The proposed strategy is based on both the intelligence level and the importance level of different building typology. The results show that laboratories have the highest importance level with no flexibility at all. All other building typologies have flexibility in some amount where the canteen is found to have the most possibility for energy savings. This paper also finds that the chosen classrooms in a newly built building have the highest intelligence level, the classrooms in older buildings have the lowest intelligent level, and the rest of the building typologies have the same level of intelligence and have potentials improving the energy efficiency.