Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants

Magnus Værbak; Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen; Zheng Ma

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants

Magnus Værbak^*, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, Zheng Ma

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

Abstract

This paper investigates the integration of waste heat from a Power-to-X (PtX) plant into a district heating system (DHS) using a digital twin (DT) approach to optimize energy efficiency and manage complex system dynamics. Focusing on a case study of a new PtX plant in Kassø, southern Jutland, supplying waste heat to the district heating network of Aabenraa, this paper combines model-based and data-driven techniques through business ecosystem mapping and multi-agent-based simulation to evaluate integration viability and efficiency. The results indicate significant reductions in natural gas consumption and operational costs, demonstrating the feasibility of PtX waste heat integration. The DT model’s detailed simulations provide insights into optimizing operational strategies, balancing heat supply and demand, and ensuring system reliability. These findings underscore the critical role of DTs in advancing energy efficiency and decarbonization in urban heating systems.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	Energy Informatics : 4th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 23–25, 2024, Proceedings, Part I
Editors	Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, Zheng Grace Ma, Fransisco Danang Wijaya, Roni Irnawan, Sarjiya Sarjiya
Publisher	Springer Science+Business Media
Publication date	2025
Pages	210-227
ISBN (Print)	9783031747373
ISBN (Electronic)	978-3-031-74738-0
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14
Publication status	Published - 2025
Event	4th Energy Informatics.Academy Conference, EI.A 2024 - Bali, Indonesia Duration: 23. Oct 2024 → 25. Oct 2024

Conference

Conference	4th Energy Informatics.Academy Conference, EI.A 2024
Country/Territory	Indonesia
City	Bali
Period	23/10/2024 → 25/10/2024

Series	Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)
Volume	15271 LNCS
ISSN	0302-9743

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

Keywords

Digital Twin
District Heating
Power-to-X
Waste Heat

Documents & Links

10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

Cite this

Værbak, M., Jørgensen, B. N., & Ma, Z. (2025). Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants. In B. N. Jørgensen, Z. G. Ma, F. D. Wijaya, R. Irnawan, & S. Sarjiya (Eds.), Energy Informatics: 4th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 23–25, 2024, Proceedings, Part I (pp. 210-227). Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

Værbak, Magnus ; Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard ; Ma, Zheng. / Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating : A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants. Energy Informatics: 4th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 23–25, 2024, Proceedings, Part I. editor / Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen ; Zheng Grace Ma ; Fransisco Danang Wijaya ; Roni Irnawan ; Sarjiya Sarjiya. Springer Science+Business Media, 2025. pp. 210-227 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 15271 LNCS).

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title = "Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants",

abstract = "This paper investigates the integration of waste heat from a Power-to-X (PtX) plant into a district heating system (DHS) using a digital twin (DT) approach to optimize energy efficiency and manage complex system dynamics. Focusing on a case study of a new PtX plant in Kass{\o}, southern Jutland, supplying waste heat to the district heating network of Aabenraa, this paper combines model-based and data-driven techniques through business ecosystem mapping and multi-agent-based simulation to evaluate integration viability and efficiency. The results indicate significant reductions in natural gas consumption and operational costs, demonstrating the feasibility of PtX waste heat integration. The DT model{\textquoteright}s detailed simulations provide insights into optimizing operational strategies, balancing heat supply and demand, and ensuring system reliability. These findings underscore the critical role of DTs in advancing energy efficiency and decarbonization in urban heating systems.",

keywords = "Digital Twin, District Heating, Power-to-X, Waste Heat",

author = "Magnus V{\ae}rbak and J{\o}rgensen, {Bo N{\o}rregaard} and Zheng Ma",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.; 4th Energy Informatics.Academy Conference, EI.A 2024 ; Conference date: 23-10-2024 Through 25-10-2024",

year = "2025",

doi = "10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14",

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isbn = "9783031747373",

series = "Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)",

publisher = "Springer Science+Business Media",

pages = "210--227",

editor = "J{\o}rgensen, {Bo N{\o}rregaard} and Ma, {Zheng Grace} and Wijaya, {Fransisco Danang} and Roni Irnawan and Sarjiya Sarjiya",

booktitle = "Energy Informatics",

address = "United States",

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Værbak, M , Jørgensen, BN & Ma, Z 2025, Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants. in BN Jørgensen, ZG Ma, FD Wijaya, R Irnawan & S Sarjiya (eds), Energy Informatics: 4th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 23–25, 2024, Proceedings, Part I. Springer Science+Business Media, Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), vol. 15271 LNCS, pp. 210-227, 4th Energy Informatics.Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Bali, Indonesia, 23/10/2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants. / Værbak, Magnus ; Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard ; Ma, Zheng.
Energy Informatics: 4th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 23–25, 2024, Proceedings, Part I. ed. / Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen; Zheng Grace Ma; Fransisco Danang Wijaya; Roni Irnawan; Sarjiya Sarjiya. Springer Science+Business Media, 2025. p. 210-227 (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 15271 LNCS).

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Article in proceedings › Research › peer-review

TY - GEN

T1 - Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating

T2 - 4th Energy Informatics.Academy Conference, EI.A 2024

AU - Værbak, Magnus

AU - Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard

AU - Ma, Zheng

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.

PY - 2025

Y1 - 2025

N2 - This paper investigates the integration of waste heat from a Power-to-X (PtX) plant into a district heating system (DHS) using a digital twin (DT) approach to optimize energy efficiency and manage complex system dynamics. Focusing on a case study of a new PtX plant in Kassø, southern Jutland, supplying waste heat to the district heating network of Aabenraa, this paper combines model-based and data-driven techniques through business ecosystem mapping and multi-agent-based simulation to evaluate integration viability and efficiency. The results indicate significant reductions in natural gas consumption and operational costs, demonstrating the feasibility of PtX waste heat integration. The DT model’s detailed simulations provide insights into optimizing operational strategies, balancing heat supply and demand, and ensuring system reliability. These findings underscore the critical role of DTs in advancing energy efficiency and decarbonization in urban heating systems.

AB - This paper investigates the integration of waste heat from a Power-to-X (PtX) plant into a district heating system (DHS) using a digital twin (DT) approach to optimize energy efficiency and manage complex system dynamics. Focusing on a case study of a new PtX plant in Kassø, southern Jutland, supplying waste heat to the district heating network of Aabenraa, this paper combines model-based and data-driven techniques through business ecosystem mapping and multi-agent-based simulation to evaluate integration viability and efficiency. The results indicate significant reductions in natural gas consumption and operational costs, demonstrating the feasibility of PtX waste heat integration. The DT model’s detailed simulations provide insights into optimizing operational strategies, balancing heat supply and demand, and ensuring system reliability. These findings underscore the critical role of DTs in advancing energy efficiency and decarbonization in urban heating systems.

KW - Digital Twin

KW - District Heating

KW - Power-to-X

KW - Waste Heat

U2 - 10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

DO - 10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

M3 - Article in proceedings

AN - SCOPUS:85207848376

SN - 9783031747373

T3 - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)

SP - 210

EP - 227

BT - Energy Informatics

A2 - Jørgensen, Bo Nørregaard

A2 - Ma, Zheng Grace

A2 - Wijaya, Fransisco Danang

A2 - Irnawan, Roni

A2 - Sarjiya, Sarjiya

PB - Springer Science+Business Media

Y2 - 23 October 2024 through 25 October 2024

ER -

Værbak M , Jørgensen BN , Ma Z. Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants. In Jørgensen BN, Ma ZG, Wijaya FD, Irnawan R, Sarjiya S, editors, Energy Informatics: 4th Energy Informatics Academy Conference, EI.A 2024, Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, October 23–25, 2024, Proceedings, Part I. Springer Science+Business Media. 2025. p. 210-227. (Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), Vol. 15271 LNCS). doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-74738-0_14

Leveraging Digital Twins for Sustainable District Heating: A Study on Waste Heat from Power-to-X Plants

Abstract

Conference

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Documents & Links

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Cite this