@article{67d1e19eda124badaab2bffeef87da2f,
title = "Hypothesis of a potential BrainBiota and its relation to CNS autoimmune inflammation",
abstract = "Infectious agents have been long considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases as part of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and the environment. The role of bacteria in CNS autoimmunity has also been highlighted by changes in the diversity of gut microbiota in patients with neurological diseases such as Parkinson{\textquoteright}s disease, Alzheimer disease and multiple sclerosis, emphasizing the role of the gut-brain axis. We discuss the hypothesis of a brain microbiota, the BrainBiota: bacteria living in symbiosis with brain cells. Existence of various bacteria in the human brain is suggested by morphological evidence, presence of bacterial proteins, metabolites, transcripts and mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Based on our data, we discuss the hypothesis that these bacteria are an integral part of brain development and immune tolerance as well as directly linked to the gut microbiome. We further suggest that changes of the BrainBiota during brain diseases may be the consequence or cause of the chronic inflammation similarly to the gut microbiota.",
keywords = "bacterial transcripts, brainbiome, brainbiota, CNS autoimmunity, gut-brain axis, microbiome, microbiota, smoldering MS",
author = "Elkjaer, {Maria L.} and Lukas Simon and Tobias Frisch and Bente, {Lisa Marie} and Tim Kacprowski and Mads Thomassen and Richard Reynolds and Jan Baumbach and Richard R{\"o}ttger and Zsolt Illes",
note = "Funding Information: MLE is grateful for financial support from Lundbeckfonden (no. R347-2020-2454). ZI is grateful for financial support from Independent Research Fund Denmark (DFF 9039-00370B), Lundbeckfonden (R118-A11472), Scleroseforeningen (A25341, A29926, A31829, A33600), University of Southern Denmark (14/24200), Odense University Hospital (5798002573633). JB is grateful for financial support from the Center for Data and Computing in Natural Sciences (CDCS), and by his VILLUM Young Investigator Grant nr.13154. Furthermore, this project has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 777111. This publication reflects only the authors{\textquoteright} view and the European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains. Publisher Copyright: Copyright {\textcopyright} 2022 Elkjaer, Simon, Frisch, Bente, Kacprowski, Thomassen, Reynolds, Baumbach, R{\"o}ttger and Illes.",
year = "2022",
month = dec,
day = "2",
doi = "10.3389/fimmu.2022.1043579",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Frontiers in Immunology",
issn = "1664-3224",
publisher = "Frontiers",
}