Elevated Antibody Titers to Epstein–Barr Virus and Cytomegalovirus in Patients with Drug-Induced Lupus

Julie Knudsen, Nicole Hartwig Trier, Anette Holck Draborg, Christoffer Tandrup Nielsen, Søren Jacobsen, Peter Højrup, Gunnar Houen*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalJournal articleResearchpeer-review

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Abstract

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, which has been associated with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Drug-induced lupus (DIL) is a lupus-like disease caused by the intake of therapeutic drugs, which has been estimated to cause approximately 10–15% of lupus-like cases. Although SLE and DIL share common clinical symptoms, there are some fundamental differences between DIL and SLE onset. Moreover, it remains to be examined whether environmental factors, such as EBV and CMV infections, may contribute to the development of DIL. This study focused on examining the possible association between DIL and EBV and CMV infections, by examining IgG titers to EBV and CMV antigens in serum samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Antibody titers to EBV early antigen–diffuse and CMV pp52 were found to be significantly elevated in both SLE and DIL patients compared to healthy controls, although no correlation was found for antibodies to the two virus antigens in the respective disease groups. Moreover, total IgG titers were reduced in SLE and DIL serum samples, which may reflect a general lymphocytopenia, which commonly is associated with SLE. The current findings support that EBV and CMV infections may contribute to the development of DIL and that onset of both diseases are related.

Original languageEnglish
Article number986
JournalViruses
Volume15
Issue number4
Number of pages10
ISSN1999-4915
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 17. Apr 2023

Bibliographical note

Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 by the authors.

Keywords

  • antibodies
  • cytomegalovirus
  • drug-induced lupus
  • Epstein–Barr virus
  • systemic lupus erythematosus

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