Association of patient-reported psychosocial healthcare and risk of readmissions and mortality in patients with ischemic heart disease: A population-based cohort study

Objective
Psychosocial risk factors are common in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and linked to poor prognosis. Psychosocial healthcare is recommended in international guidelines and has demonstrated positive effects, primarily on psychosocial symptoms. We examined the association between patient-reported psychosocial healthcare and hospital readmissions and mortality in patients with IHD.
Methods
A population-based cohort study with register-based follow-up. Patient-reported psychosocial healthcare was measured by seven items in a survey sent to a random sample of patients with incident IHD in Denmark in 2014. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and Poisson regression to examine the association between psychosocial healthcare and readmissions and all-cause mortality.
Results
In total, 1083 (57%) patients were followed up to 4½ years. Low psychosocial support was reported by 53.4%, medium by 26.2% and high by 20.4% patients. The hazard of acute cardiac readmission for patients reporting low psychosocial healthcare was 2.08 higher than for patients reporting high psychosocial healthcare (95%CI:1.01–4.30). No association was found with time to first all-cause readmission. The acute cardiac readmission rate was 3.24 (95%CI:1.66–6.29) and 4.23 (95%CI:2.15–8.33) times higher among patients reporting low and medium psychosocial healthcare compared to high, and the all-cause readmission rate was 1.30 (95%CI:1.16–1.46) and 1.32 (95%CI:1.17–1.49) times higher. The hazard of death was 2.86 (95%CI:1.23–6.69) and 2.88 (95%CI:1.18–7.04) times higher among patients reporting low and medium psychosocial healthcare compared to high.
Conclusion
In patients with IHD, a high level of patient-reported psychosocial healthcare was significantly associated with reduced hospital readmissions and all-cause mortality.