Arctic Drones: A New Security Dilemma?

Over 100 countries now have a military drone programme comprised of either armed or unarmed systems. These drones are used to project power, fulfil na-tional security objectives and signal political interest in disputed regions. As the climate crisis transforms parts of the Arctic, considerable investment is taking place in remote systems that can both monitor for ‘unwanted guests’ and en-gage in military activity. In this context, drones, specifically unarmed military drones, are becoming the favoured technology of Arctic states. Denmark, Iceland, Canada, Russia and the United States are all now using drones to protect na-tional interests, symbolise sovereignty and enable a watchful eye to be cast on neighbours and newcomers, such as China. This article argues that while the introduction of military drones may be seen as stabilising in the first instance, in the longer term these systems are likely to escalate tensions, leading to a new drone- based security dilemma. Of particular note is the ‘virtual’ net of detection being built by Russia. This net is reliant on drones, in partnership with additional military infrastructure and hardware, and has been developed by Moscow to es-tablish a military capacity to detect and respond to external actors across and perhaps beyond the Russian Arctic.