Advancement in indoor energy harvesting through flexible perovskite photovoltaics for self- powered IoT applications

Perovskite photovoltaics (PPVs), renowned for their high efficiency in dim indoor illumination conditions, cost-effective manufacturing processes, and compatibility with flexible substrates, emerge as a superior choice over traditional photovoltaics (PVs) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications, contributing to the advancement of eco-friendly energy initiatives. While flexible PPVs (f-PPVs) boast significant advantages over traditional PV technologies; there's a notable scarcity of reports focusing on their performance in indoor settings. The timely review underscores recent advancements in f-PPVs, aiming for their seamless integration into IoTs. It extensively explores crucial metrics in dim indoor lighting conditions, centering on indoor light source types, optimum functionality with perovskite passivation, and the optimization of bandgap and an ideality factor to achieve improved performance in indoor f-PPVs. Furthermore, it examines the strategies for improving the efficiency and stability of f-PPVs, with a pivot focus on selecting suitable flexible substrates and fabrication techniques conducive to mass-scale production. Besides, the significance of promoting eco-friendly IoT devices is emphasized by eliminating toxic materials and solvents from the device fabrication process. Finally, the review tackles pressing challenges and offers guidelines for the development of efficient and stable f-PPVs, aiming to facilitate their commercialization within the IoT ecosystem.