The World Bank, the European Commission, the United Nations and virtually every government in the rich democracies have acknowledged the interplay of major demographic changes with politics to be a key policy challenge for today and tomorrow. Populations are aging fast and living longer while the young are less likely to choose to have children. This double-edged sword threatens to fundamentally reshape the way in which societies had been structured during the past century. In this course, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of the underlying complexities and political and policy dimensions of population developments in OECD democracies. Who are the young people choosing to or not choosing to rear children, and why? What is the full transfer cost of demographic renewal and who shoulders it? Should governments intervene, and if so, what policy options are available? With life-expectancy increasing, can working-age be adjusted to off-set its impact? Where and when do elderly voters’ policy interests come at the expense of young people? Looking at the newest theories and evidence in the field, course participants will gain a more nuanced understanding of current demographic trends and learn about political processes and (potential) public policy solutions to address these.