TY - GEN
T1 - Utilizing Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) to Enhance Healthcare in Bariatric and Body Contouring Surgery
AU - Dalaei, Farima
PY - 2025/1/8
Y1 - 2025/1/8
N2 - Over 650 million people worldwide suffer from overweight and obesity. In Denmark, obesity
annually incurs additional costs of 1.8 billion kroner for treatment and care, as well as a loss of 10.0
billion kroner in workforce productivity. Currently, the most effective treatment for sustained weight
loss is bariatric surgery. However, a significant challenge is that the skin often does not retract
sufficiently after massive weight loss, resulting in loose skin. This can be physically and
psychologically debilitating, significantly reducing patients' quality of life. Plastic surgery to remove
excess skin can improve both the motivation to maintain weight loss and short-term quality of life,
but the long-term effects of these surgeries are still unknown. In Denmark, both surgeries are publicly
funded under certain criteria. With the rising obesity epidemic, it is necessary to investigate the impact
of both bariatric surgery and subsequent plastic surgery on patients' lives from a clinical, political,
and socioeconomic perspective. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the long-term significance of
the entire weight loss journey on patients' quality of life to assess the value of both bariatric surgery
and subsequent plastic surgeries for removing loose skin.To accurately understand and interpret patients' perspectives and patient-reported outcomes (PROs),
reliable and validated patient-reported questionnaires, called PROMs, must be used. BODY-Q is the
most reliable questionnaire for measuring quality of life and satisfaction among both bariatric and
massive weight loss patients. BODY-Q has been used in Denmark and other European countries since
2015 and has been translated, adapted, and validated in research studies.When measuring PROs with BODY-Q, a score is obtained on a scale from 1 to 100, where a higher
score indicates better quality of life or satisfaction with appearance. However, there is a lack of
specific thresholds for what these scores precisely describe. To harness the potential of PROs and
improve their use in clinical practice, we need better interpretation of patients' scores. We lacked
reference values for BODY-Q both within the patient population and in relation to the general
population. Once reference values are established, they must be validated and used in long-term
studies to integrate theory into clinical practice.The first study in this thesis involves the development of normative BODY-Q scores from the general
population to compare with patients' scores. The second study validates these normative scores to
ensure their proper use and the reliability of the scores. The third study is a longitudinal cohort study with up to 10 years of follow-up of bariatric surgery patients with and without subsequent massive
weight loss surgery. The fourth study established the minimum clinically important differences (MID)
for BODY-Q in massive weight loss surgery patients after bariatric surgery to provide reference
values within the patient group.We developed and tested BODY-Q normative scores to ensure applicability for the general
population. The study showed that the developed reference values were reliable for comparison with
the patient group for future research or clinical use. The long-term 10-year follow-up study showed
that patients who had loose skin removed after bariatric surgery achieved better long-term quality of
life and satisfaction compared to those who only had bariatric surgery. Those who had loose skin
removed maintained their weight loss better, while patients who only had bariatric surgery gradually
regained some weight. Our results highlight the important role that massive weight loss surgery can
play in a successful weight loss journey from the patients' perspective. Finally, we used the long-term
follow-up results to determine the minimum significant difference required to conclude that a score
has changed significantly for the patient.
AB - Over 650 million people worldwide suffer from overweight and obesity. In Denmark, obesity
annually incurs additional costs of 1.8 billion kroner for treatment and care, as well as a loss of 10.0
billion kroner in workforce productivity. Currently, the most effective treatment for sustained weight
loss is bariatric surgery. However, a significant challenge is that the skin often does not retract
sufficiently after massive weight loss, resulting in loose skin. This can be physically and
psychologically debilitating, significantly reducing patients' quality of life. Plastic surgery to remove
excess skin can improve both the motivation to maintain weight loss and short-term quality of life,
but the long-term effects of these surgeries are still unknown. In Denmark, both surgeries are publicly
funded under certain criteria. With the rising obesity epidemic, it is necessary to investigate the impact
of both bariatric surgery and subsequent plastic surgery on patients' lives from a clinical, political,
and socioeconomic perspective. The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the long-term significance of
the entire weight loss journey on patients' quality of life to assess the value of both bariatric surgery
and subsequent plastic surgeries for removing loose skin.To accurately understand and interpret patients' perspectives and patient-reported outcomes (PROs),
reliable and validated patient-reported questionnaires, called PROMs, must be used. BODY-Q is the
most reliable questionnaire for measuring quality of life and satisfaction among both bariatric and
massive weight loss patients. BODY-Q has been used in Denmark and other European countries since
2015 and has been translated, adapted, and validated in research studies.When measuring PROs with BODY-Q, a score is obtained on a scale from 1 to 100, where a higher
score indicates better quality of life or satisfaction with appearance. However, there is a lack of
specific thresholds for what these scores precisely describe. To harness the potential of PROs and
improve their use in clinical practice, we need better interpretation of patients' scores. We lacked
reference values for BODY-Q both within the patient population and in relation to the general
population. Once reference values are established, they must be validated and used in long-term
studies to integrate theory into clinical practice.The first study in this thesis involves the development of normative BODY-Q scores from the general
population to compare with patients' scores. The second study validates these normative scores to
ensure their proper use and the reliability of the scores. The third study is a longitudinal cohort study with up to 10 years of follow-up of bariatric surgery patients with and without subsequent massive
weight loss surgery. The fourth study established the minimum clinically important differences (MID)
for BODY-Q in massive weight loss surgery patients after bariatric surgery to provide reference
values within the patient group.We developed and tested BODY-Q normative scores to ensure applicability for the general
population. The study showed that the developed reference values were reliable for comparison with
the patient group for future research or clinical use. The long-term 10-year follow-up study showed
that patients who had loose skin removed after bariatric surgery achieved better long-term quality of
life and satisfaction compared to those who only had bariatric surgery. Those who had loose skin
removed maintained their weight loss better, while patients who only had bariatric surgery gradually
regained some weight. Our results highlight the important role that massive weight loss surgery can
play in a successful weight loss journey from the patients' perspective. Finally, we used the long-term
follow-up results to determine the minimum significant difference required to conclude that a score
has changed significantly for the patient.
U2 - 10.21996/9bcv-7d76
DO - 10.21996/9bcv-7d76
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -