TY - GEN
T1 - Survival Impact of Calcium Score and Heart Irradiation in Patients with Lung Cancer
AU - Olloni, Agon
PY - 2023/10/30
Y1 - 2023/10/30
N2 - Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) are treated withcurative definitive chemo-radiotherapy. Five years after diagnosis, only approximately20-25% of the patients are alive; however, survival is gradually increasing. When irradiating the tumor, some dose is incidentally delivered to the heart. Recent studies suggestthat incidental irradiation dose to the heart can lead to heart disease and worse overallsurvival in these patients. However, the risk factors and the causal link between heartdose and survival are not fully established. This thesis assesses patients with LA-NSCLC and is based on three studies aiming to:I. Evaluate the impact of coronary calcium score on overall survival.II. Develop and test an automatic segmentation tool for delineating the heartand substructures.III. Assess the overall irradiation dose to the heart and substructures and its impact on survival.Patients with LA-NSCLC treated with curative intent in 2014-2015 from all Danish radiotherapy centers were included in the study. The coronary calcium score was quantified from CT scans performed before the delivery of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy data were collected from the Danish radiotherapy centers, baseline patient characteristics and data on baseline heart disease from Danish Lung Cancer Registry (DLCR) and Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR). Data from DLCR and radiotherapy data were used to address the aim of Paper I. The segmentation tool was then developed and tested. Finally, data from Paper I, the developed algorithm for heart segmentation, and data from DNPR were compiled, addressing the aim of the third study. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that known risk factors like advanced age, tumor volume, and performance status have the greatest effects on survival. Despite an elevated coronary calcium score, suggesting a high risk of baseline cardiac disease in patients with LA-NSCLC, the calcium score was not a predictor for survival after adjustment for known risk factors. The developed algorithm's accuracy for heart, substructure, and dose prediction was comparable to the clinical experts, enabling the use of the algorithm in future research projects.In Paper III, the established risk factors continued to be survival predictors. Furthermore, the findings displayed that patients with tumors near the heart have worse survival, revealing that irradiation dose to the heart impactssurvival. Additionally, the study implies that the left ventricle is a more sensitive heart region impacting survival. In conclusion, the focus should be treating lung cancer, not cardiac risk factors. Furthermore, the heart is an organ at risk. Future research should focus on the left ventricle as a more sensitive region.
AB - Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) are treated withcurative definitive chemo-radiotherapy. Five years after diagnosis, only approximately20-25% of the patients are alive; however, survival is gradually increasing. When irradiating the tumor, some dose is incidentally delivered to the heart. Recent studies suggestthat incidental irradiation dose to the heart can lead to heart disease and worse overallsurvival in these patients. However, the risk factors and the causal link between heartdose and survival are not fully established. This thesis assesses patients with LA-NSCLC and is based on three studies aiming to:I. Evaluate the impact of coronary calcium score on overall survival.II. Develop and test an automatic segmentation tool for delineating the heartand substructures.III. Assess the overall irradiation dose to the heart and substructures and its impact on survival.Patients with LA-NSCLC treated with curative intent in 2014-2015 from all Danish radiotherapy centers were included in the study. The coronary calcium score was quantified from CT scans performed before the delivery of radiotherapy. Radiotherapy data were collected from the Danish radiotherapy centers, baseline patient characteristics and data on baseline heart disease from Danish Lung Cancer Registry (DLCR) and Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR). Data from DLCR and radiotherapy data were used to address the aim of Paper I. The segmentation tool was then developed and tested. Finally, data from Paper I, the developed algorithm for heart segmentation, and data from DNPR were compiled, addressing the aim of the third study. The findings of this thesis demonstrate that known risk factors like advanced age, tumor volume, and performance status have the greatest effects on survival. Despite an elevated coronary calcium score, suggesting a high risk of baseline cardiac disease in patients with LA-NSCLC, the calcium score was not a predictor for survival after adjustment for known risk factors. The developed algorithm's accuracy for heart, substructure, and dose prediction was comparable to the clinical experts, enabling the use of the algorithm in future research projects.In Paper III, the established risk factors continued to be survival predictors. Furthermore, the findings displayed that patients with tumors near the heart have worse survival, revealing that irradiation dose to the heart impactssurvival. Additionally, the study implies that the left ventricle is a more sensitive heart region impacting survival. In conclusion, the focus should be treating lung cancer, not cardiac risk factors. Furthermore, the heart is an organ at risk. Future research should focus on the left ventricle as a more sensitive region.
KW - Lungekræft
KW - Strålebehandling
KW - Stråledosis til hjertet
KW - Overlevelse
KW - Prognostiske markører
U2 - 10.21996/yvx1-ht68
DO - 10.21996/yvx1-ht68
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -