TY - GEN
T1 - Staging of prostate cancer with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT versus Na[18F]F-PET/CT: Diagnostic accuracy, influence on staging and patient management, and evaluation of patient benefit
T2 - Results from the PRISMA-PET trial
AU - Buch-Olsen, Karen M
PY - 2026/5/26
Y1 - 2026/5/26
N2 - Introduction
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and diverse disease. Treatment optionsfor primary PCa depend on the tumor's characteristics and disease stage. In the 2010s, a new imaging method, Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen(PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography(CT), was introduced for visualizing PCa. The tracer used in this exam targets the protein PSMA, which is primarily found on the cell membrane of malignant PCa cells. This tracer is more sensitive and specific than traditional methods for detecting PCa metastases; in our region, Sodium Fluoride (Na[18F]F)-PET/CT has been used. When we initiated this trial, the European Association of Urology guidelines did not recommend staging with PSMA-PET/CT, as the patient benefits of using this exam for staging had not yet been validated.
Our primary objective was to compare progression-free survival between patients staged with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT and those staged with Na[18F]F-PET/CT to assess patient benefit. Secondly, to reveal the accuracy, the level of stage migration, and the potential change in patientmanagement between the two examinations.
Methods
In a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled diagnostic clinical trial, we compared the staging of newly diagnosed PCa patients using[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT with that of Na[18F]F-PET/CT. Patients were included from three centers and randomized 1:1. A subgroup of patients in the PSMA group accepted an additional, masked Na[18F]F-PET/CT scan for research purposes only (Papers 1 and 2).
For patients with an additional masked Na[18F]F-PET/CT, a research Multidisciplinary Team Conference was convened, comprising one urologist, one oncologist, and two nuclear medicine physicians. One physician reported the Na[18F]F-PET/CT, and another reported the[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT. The clinical reading of the contrast enhanced(ce) CT was utilized. After the information about the primary tumorand PSA level was shared, the Na[18F]F-PET/CT was presented, and a staging and treatment plan were agreed upon. Then the [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT was introduced, and the stage and treatment plan were reconsidered. The last, including knowledge from the reviewed [18F]PSMA1007-PET/CT, was considered the composite reference standard, together with histology from lymph nodes, when a lymph node dissection was performed as a part of the prostatectomy. The staging from the Na[18F]FPET/CT and the clinical report of the [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT were compared to the composite reference standard for diagnostic accuracy, and the treatment plans from the rMDT were compared to each other for evaluation of change of patient management (Papers 1 and 2).
Data on progression-free survival were collected in January 2026, one year after inclusion of the last patient. The dates of relapse, change of treatment regime and/or death was recorded. The time from inclusion to an event or follow-up was compared between the two groups with Cox Proportional Hazards regression, and a Kaplan-Meier plot was generated, as well asKaplan-Meiers plots stratified for risk status (Papers 1 and 3).
Results
The accuracy for detection of lymph node metastases was 0.86 (0.79–0.91) for ceCT with Na[18F]F-PET/CT, and 0.94 (0.88–0.97) for [18F]PSMA1007-PET/CT (p = 0.021) (Paper 2).
The accuracy for detection of bone metastases was 0.97 (0.92–0.99) with Na[18F]F-PET/CT, and 0.97 (0.92–0.99) for [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT (p =0.99) (Paper 2).
Staging with the more accurate [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT resulted in stagemigration for 17% of patients; subsequently, a potential change in treatment plan for 14% of patients (Paper 2).
We found no significant difference in progression-free survival between the two groups (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.47–1.16; p=0.19). However, the Kaplan Meier plots diverged, as evaluated visually, indicating that patients staged with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT have longer progression-free survival(Paper 3).
Conclusion
[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT was a more sensitive examination than ceCT from Na[18F]F-PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastases from PCa. In contrast, there was no difference in the detection of bone metastases. The higher sensitivity of the exam resulted in stage migration for 17% of patients and a potential change in treatment strategy for 14% (Paper 2).
Staging with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT did not significantly affect time to progression; however, uncertain data suggests that patients staged with[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT experienced longer time to progression, pending longer follow-up (Paper 3).
AB - Introduction
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common and diverse disease. Treatment optionsfor primary PCa depend on the tumor's characteristics and disease stage. In the 2010s, a new imaging method, Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen(PSMA) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)/Computed Tomography(CT), was introduced for visualizing PCa. The tracer used in this exam targets the protein PSMA, which is primarily found on the cell membrane of malignant PCa cells. This tracer is more sensitive and specific than traditional methods for detecting PCa metastases; in our region, Sodium Fluoride (Na[18F]F)-PET/CT has been used. When we initiated this trial, the European Association of Urology guidelines did not recommend staging with PSMA-PET/CT, as the patient benefits of using this exam for staging had not yet been validated.
Our primary objective was to compare progression-free survival between patients staged with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT and those staged with Na[18F]F-PET/CT to assess patient benefit. Secondly, to reveal the accuracy, the level of stage migration, and the potential change in patientmanagement between the two examinations.
Methods
In a prospective, multicentre, randomized controlled diagnostic clinical trial, we compared the staging of newly diagnosed PCa patients using[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT with that of Na[18F]F-PET/CT. Patients were included from three centers and randomized 1:1. A subgroup of patients in the PSMA group accepted an additional, masked Na[18F]F-PET/CT scan for research purposes only (Papers 1 and 2).
For patients with an additional masked Na[18F]F-PET/CT, a research Multidisciplinary Team Conference was convened, comprising one urologist, one oncologist, and two nuclear medicine physicians. One physician reported the Na[18F]F-PET/CT, and another reported the[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT. The clinical reading of the contrast enhanced(ce) CT was utilized. After the information about the primary tumorand PSA level was shared, the Na[18F]F-PET/CT was presented, and a staging and treatment plan were agreed upon. Then the [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT was introduced, and the stage and treatment plan were reconsidered. The last, including knowledge from the reviewed [18F]PSMA1007-PET/CT, was considered the composite reference standard, together with histology from lymph nodes, when a lymph node dissection was performed as a part of the prostatectomy. The staging from the Na[18F]FPET/CT and the clinical report of the [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT were compared to the composite reference standard for diagnostic accuracy, and the treatment plans from the rMDT were compared to each other for evaluation of change of patient management (Papers 1 and 2).
Data on progression-free survival were collected in January 2026, one year after inclusion of the last patient. The dates of relapse, change of treatment regime and/or death was recorded. The time from inclusion to an event or follow-up was compared between the two groups with Cox Proportional Hazards regression, and a Kaplan-Meier plot was generated, as well asKaplan-Meiers plots stratified for risk status (Papers 1 and 3).
Results
The accuracy for detection of lymph node metastases was 0.86 (0.79–0.91) for ceCT with Na[18F]F-PET/CT, and 0.94 (0.88–0.97) for [18F]PSMA1007-PET/CT (p = 0.021) (Paper 2).
The accuracy for detection of bone metastases was 0.97 (0.92–0.99) with Na[18F]F-PET/CT, and 0.97 (0.92–0.99) for [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT (p =0.99) (Paper 2).
Staging with the more accurate [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT resulted in stagemigration for 17% of patients; subsequently, a potential change in treatment plan for 14% of patients (Paper 2).
We found no significant difference in progression-free survival between the two groups (HR: 0.74, 95% CI: 0.47–1.16; p=0.19). However, the Kaplan Meier plots diverged, as evaluated visually, indicating that patients staged with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT have longer progression-free survival(Paper 3).
Conclusion
[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT was a more sensitive examination than ceCT from Na[18F]F-PET/CT for detecting lymph node metastases from PCa. In contrast, there was no difference in the detection of bone metastases. The higher sensitivity of the exam resulted in stage migration for 17% of patients and a potential change in treatment strategy for 14% (Paper 2).
Staging with [18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT did not significantly affect time to progression; however, uncertain data suggests that patients staged with[18F]PSMA-1007-PET/CT experienced longer time to progression, pending longer follow-up (Paper 3).
KW - Prostata kræft
KW - stadieinddeling
KW - PSMA-PET/CT
U2 - 10.21996/2c240297-a990-49c0-b849-28b864e7ef06
DO - 10.21996/2c240297-a990-49c0-b849-28b864e7ef06
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -