TY - GEN
T1 - Spatial justice and barriers in strategic village planning
AU - Bavnbæk, Kasper Friis
PY - 2025/3/14
Y1 - 2025/3/14
N2 - In a time of globalisation and changing demographics and labour markets in
rural areas, concerns about the viability and future of rural areas are being discussed in both popular discourse and academia.In Denmark, concerns about an imbalance in development between urban and
rural areas, related to both economic growth, living standards and access to
services, resulted in a requirement for all municipalities to incorporate a section
of strategic planning for viable villages into their statutory planning. This requirement took effect in 2019 and required municipalities to differentiate between villages while encouraging the involvement of the local communities. In this dissertation, a mixed-method framework is applied to investigate the
different approaches to the planning for viable villages. The analysis focuses on
the logics behind the approaches, the discourses of rural viability in the plans,
and the structural conditions and barriers for local communities involved in the
process of rural development and cooperation with the municipalities. By establishing a theoretical framework of rural spatial justice, the results from five articles, each examining different aspects of the case, are discussed in terms of
the spatial justice consequences of the different approaches to strategic planning for viable villages.The first article is based on data from 37 interviews with planners in rural municipalities. By developing a framework for interpreting logics of the differentiation
between villages the analysis show, that six major interpretations of spatial
justice frame the different approaches to strategic village planning. The second
article examines the discourses of viability in the finished municipal plans. Analysis of data from 29 municipalities shows that while discourses of viable villages
are connected to topics of nature, settlements and societal engagement, a hegemonic discourse exists portraying the urban as already being viable and the
rural villages as opposite to the urban. The third article, based on data from a
national survey of local community associations, shows that the differences
between the two main organisational types of associations affect the experienced cooperation on different parameters, such as communication, with the
municipalities. The fourth, based on the same survey data, explores the correlation between six types of social capital with factors of experienced cooperation, distance to the administrative centres and type of organisation. The results
indicate that one type of association is better equipped and organised to foster
cooperation with the municipalities. These results should urge municipalities to
include the different local communities accordingly to negate procedural inequity. The fifth article, based on group interviews with nine local community associations in three neighbouring municipalities, shows that three main barriers exist
in the process of rural development and cooperation with the municipalities.
These barriers are related to democratic legitimacy, local qualifications and
voluntarism.Finally, the spatial justice consequences are discussed by illuminating four
dilemmas. The dilemmas, based on the results of the articles, should be considered in the different approaches to strategic planning for viable villages. The
first dilemma is that non-decisions in planning often follow existing paradigms of
neo-endogenous development, which risk perpetuating spatial inequalities due
to social and organisational disparities in local communities. The second dilemma is that an increase in local participation does not necessarily lead to
better procedural inclusion due to organisational diversity and differences in
local qualifications. Third, the promises of neo-endogenous development risk
failing in terms of distributive justice as the responsibility for services is put on
locals. And finally, fourth, narratives matter, as currently, the notion of viability is
constructed through a hegemonic ideal of the urban.The overall argument of the dissertation is that while strategic planning has the
capability of ensuring spatial justice, there are significant risks of perpetuating
social and spatial inequality if current structural challenges and narratives are
not addressed.
AB - In a time of globalisation and changing demographics and labour markets in
rural areas, concerns about the viability and future of rural areas are being discussed in both popular discourse and academia.In Denmark, concerns about an imbalance in development between urban and
rural areas, related to both economic growth, living standards and access to
services, resulted in a requirement for all municipalities to incorporate a section
of strategic planning for viable villages into their statutory planning. This requirement took effect in 2019 and required municipalities to differentiate between villages while encouraging the involvement of the local communities. In this dissertation, a mixed-method framework is applied to investigate the
different approaches to the planning for viable villages. The analysis focuses on
the logics behind the approaches, the discourses of rural viability in the plans,
and the structural conditions and barriers for local communities involved in the
process of rural development and cooperation with the municipalities. By establishing a theoretical framework of rural spatial justice, the results from five articles, each examining different aspects of the case, are discussed in terms of
the spatial justice consequences of the different approaches to strategic planning for viable villages.The first article is based on data from 37 interviews with planners in rural municipalities. By developing a framework for interpreting logics of the differentiation
between villages the analysis show, that six major interpretations of spatial
justice frame the different approaches to strategic village planning. The second
article examines the discourses of viability in the finished municipal plans. Analysis of data from 29 municipalities shows that while discourses of viable villages
are connected to topics of nature, settlements and societal engagement, a hegemonic discourse exists portraying the urban as already being viable and the
rural villages as opposite to the urban. The third article, based on data from a
national survey of local community associations, shows that the differences
between the two main organisational types of associations affect the experienced cooperation on different parameters, such as communication, with the
municipalities. The fourth, based on the same survey data, explores the correlation between six types of social capital with factors of experienced cooperation, distance to the administrative centres and type of organisation. The results
indicate that one type of association is better equipped and organised to foster
cooperation with the municipalities. These results should urge municipalities to
include the different local communities accordingly to negate procedural inequity. The fifth article, based on group interviews with nine local community associations in three neighbouring municipalities, shows that three main barriers exist
in the process of rural development and cooperation with the municipalities.
These barriers are related to democratic legitimacy, local qualifications and
voluntarism.Finally, the spatial justice consequences are discussed by illuminating four
dilemmas. The dilemmas, based on the results of the articles, should be considered in the different approaches to strategic planning for viable villages. The
first dilemma is that non-decisions in planning often follow existing paradigms of
neo-endogenous development, which risk perpetuating spatial inequalities due
to social and organisational disparities in local communities. The second dilemma is that an increase in local participation does not necessarily lead to
better procedural inclusion due to organisational diversity and differences in
local qualifications. Third, the promises of neo-endogenous development risk
failing in terms of distributive justice as the responsibility for services is put on
locals. And finally, fourth, narratives matter, as currently, the notion of viability is
constructed through a hegemonic ideal of the urban.The overall argument of the dissertation is that while strategic planning has the
capability of ensuring spatial justice, there are significant risks of perpetuating
social and spatial inequality if current structural challenges and narratives are
not addressed.
U2 - 10.21996/50acb85f-007b-4fa9-981e-6d4048aa063d
DO - 10.21996/50acb85f-007b-4fa9-981e-6d4048aa063d
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Samfundsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -