Abstract
High maternal body mass index (BMI) and smoking during pregnancy are risk factors for child overweight. Maternal smoking tends to reduce her BMI and the association of smoking with child overweight may be confounded by or interacting with maternal genetic predisposition to adiposity. In the Danish National Birth Cohort, we investigated whether smoking during pregnancy is associated with child BMI/overweight independent of pre-pregnancy BMI and maternal genetic predisposition to adiposity estimated as total, transmitted and non-transmitted genetic risk scores (GRSs) based on 941 common genetic variants associated with BMI. Smoking during pregnancy was associated with higher child BMI and higher odds of child overweight in a dose–response relationship. The odds ratio (95% CI) for smoking 11 + cigarettes in third trimester versus no smoking was 2.42 (1.30; 4.50), irrespective of maternal BMI and maternal GRSs (total, transmitted or non-transmitted). There were no statistically significant interactions between maternal GRSs and smoking (all p-values for interactions > 0.05). In conclusion, in this study, smoking during pregnancy exhibits a dose–response association with increased child BMI/overweight, independent of maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, maternal transmitted, and non-transmitted genetic predisposition to adiposity. Avoidance of smoking during pregnancy may help prevent childhood obesity irrespective of the mother–child genetic predisposition.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 3135 |
| Tidsskrift | Scientific Reports |
| Vol/bind | 12 |
| Antal sider | 10 |
| ISSN | 2045-2322 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 24. feb. 2022 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:The Danish National Birth Cohort was established with a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation. Additional support was obtained from the Danish Regional Committees, the Pharmacy Foundation, the Egmont Foundation, the March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation, the Health Foundation and other minor grants. The Danish National Birth Cohort Biobank has been supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation and the Lundbeck Foundation. Follow-up of mothers and children at 7 years have been supported by the Danish Medical Research Council (SSVF 0646) and the Lundbeck Foundation (195/04). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research center at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation ( http://cbmr.ku.dk ) (NNF18CC0034900). This project was supported by the Danish Council for Independent Research (DFF-7016-00381).
Funding Information:
Robin N. Beaumont, Rachel M. Freathy, Genetics of Complex Traits, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK, are acknowledged for their assistance in generating the maternal transmitted and non-transmitted haplotype based GRSs. George Davey Smith, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK is acknowledged for his contribution to the establishment of the GOYA and the GOYA-offspring study.