TY - GEN
T1 - Readmission, mortality and quality of life among older adults who are acute admitted and receive homecare
AU - Elkjær, Mette
PY - 2021/12/16
Y1 - 2021/12/16
N2 - Older adults often have multiple comorbidities, functional limitations and cognitive impairment and can therefore be extraordinary challenged when they become acutely ill. Older adult patients attending hospital emergency departments (EDs) have a higher risk of mortality and readmission than younger patients. Some older adult patients receive homecare because of their dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) prior to admission. Being dependent in ADL might affect quality of life (QoL) among acutely admitted older adults. EDs specialise in rapid diagnosis, treatment and management of acute disease. However, they are fast-track environments with short stay lengths, and older adults who receive homecare may thus be extraordinarily challenged in EDs. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to provide nuanced knowledge on QoL, mortality and readmissions among older adult persons with homecare who were admitted to an ED.Study 1 was a nationwide register-based cohort study in which we investigated whether receiving homecare was associated with mortality and readmission within 30 days after an ED admission < 48 hours and if the amount of homecare received increased the risk of readmission and mortality. The study involved 80,517 patients (51% female; median age 75 years). In total, 15,631 patients (19%) received homecare (64% female, median age 83 years), of which 4,938 patients received homecare ≤ 30 min., 4,033 received > 30 min. to ≤ 120 min. and 6,660 received > 120 min. per week. The risk of readmission and mortality increased concurrently with the minutes of homecare received: patients receiving homecare > 120 minutes per week had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for readmission within 30 days (OR 1.8) and mortality within 30 days (OR 4.5) compared with patients without homecare.Study 2 was a cross-sectional multi-centre study at three EDs in the Region of Southern Denmark that examined the association between individual QoL and homecare and readmission in older adults who were admitted to an ED. In semi-structured interviews, we used the questionnaire ‘The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life—Direct Weighting’ (SEIQoL-DW) (range 0–100) to measure QoL. Participants comprised 406 acutely admitted patients (49% female; mean age 78 (SD 8) years); 156 of those received homecare. Overall, 84 of the admitted patients were later readmitted within 30 days. Patients reported a mean SEIQoL-DW score of 76 (SD 19) and the most selected categories related to the older adults’ individual QoL were ‘Family’, ‘Social activities’, ‘Health’, ‘Everyday life’ and ‘Leisure activities’. A significant association was found between receiving homecare and lower individual QoL among acutely admitted older adults. There was no association between readmission and individual QoL.Study 3 explored older adults’ experiences of readmission in relation to the QoL categories identified in Study 2. We used individual qualitative semi-structured interviews in a single ED. We interviewed 12 older adults who received homecare and were aged 67–95 years; seven were male and eight lived alone. The analysis derived five themes: 1) responsibility at home, 2) fear of loss of autonomy and independence, 3) expectations of health and death, 4) the role of family, friends and homecare, and 5) the importance of trust. The older adults felt that the hospital strived for too-early discharge, as they were still feeling ill. The participants felt that their health and functional level slowly decreased towards readmission, and they were worried and fearful about managing daily life and losing their autonomy. Active involvement of family and friends increased their sense of security, but the participants who lived alone experienced a feeling of anxiety about being at home by themselves. Although they did not wish to go to the hospital, inadequate treatment and the responsibility of their illness made them feel insecure at home.In conclusion, receiving homecare was associated with an increased risk of readmission and death following an ED admission. Additionally, older adults receiving homecare prior to ED admission reported a lower individual QoL measured during admission than those without homecare. Collaboration between the ED and the primary healthcare sector in relation to acute care and treatment at home, support from family and friends, respecting autonomy and end-of-life (EOL) care are essential elements that can improve quality of care for older adults who receive homecare, particularly those receiving homecare > two hours per week. Our findings suggest that particular attention should be given to the QoL categories ‘Family’, ‘Social activities’, ‘Health’, ‘Everyday life’ and ‘Leisure activities’ in older adults’ treatment and care trajectories. The older adults felt that they were discharged before feeling well again and experienced inadequate treatment at home; to get well and receive treatment for their acute illnesses, their readmission became unavoidable. The readmission provided a sense of security because the older adults then handed the burden of care and responsibility for their health to the health professionals in the ED.
AB - Older adults often have multiple comorbidities, functional limitations and cognitive impairment and can therefore be extraordinary challenged when they become acutely ill. Older adult patients attending hospital emergency departments (EDs) have a higher risk of mortality and readmission than younger patients. Some older adult patients receive homecare because of their dependency in activities of daily living (ADL) prior to admission. Being dependent in ADL might affect quality of life (QoL) among acutely admitted older adults. EDs specialise in rapid diagnosis, treatment and management of acute disease. However, they are fast-track environments with short stay lengths, and older adults who receive homecare may thus be extraordinarily challenged in EDs. Thus, the overall aim of this thesis is to provide nuanced knowledge on QoL, mortality and readmissions among older adult persons with homecare who were admitted to an ED.Study 1 was a nationwide register-based cohort study in which we investigated whether receiving homecare was associated with mortality and readmission within 30 days after an ED admission < 48 hours and if the amount of homecare received increased the risk of readmission and mortality. The study involved 80,517 patients (51% female; median age 75 years). In total, 15,631 patients (19%) received homecare (64% female, median age 83 years), of which 4,938 patients received homecare ≤ 30 min., 4,033 received > 30 min. to ≤ 120 min. and 6,660 received > 120 min. per week. The risk of readmission and mortality increased concurrently with the minutes of homecare received: patients receiving homecare > 120 minutes per week had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for readmission within 30 days (OR 1.8) and mortality within 30 days (OR 4.5) compared with patients without homecare.Study 2 was a cross-sectional multi-centre study at three EDs in the Region of Southern Denmark that examined the association between individual QoL and homecare and readmission in older adults who were admitted to an ED. In semi-structured interviews, we used the questionnaire ‘The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life—Direct Weighting’ (SEIQoL-DW) (range 0–100) to measure QoL. Participants comprised 406 acutely admitted patients (49% female; mean age 78 (SD 8) years); 156 of those received homecare. Overall, 84 of the admitted patients were later readmitted within 30 days. Patients reported a mean SEIQoL-DW score of 76 (SD 19) and the most selected categories related to the older adults’ individual QoL were ‘Family’, ‘Social activities’, ‘Health’, ‘Everyday life’ and ‘Leisure activities’. A significant association was found between receiving homecare and lower individual QoL among acutely admitted older adults. There was no association between readmission and individual QoL.Study 3 explored older adults’ experiences of readmission in relation to the QoL categories identified in Study 2. We used individual qualitative semi-structured interviews in a single ED. We interviewed 12 older adults who received homecare and were aged 67–95 years; seven were male and eight lived alone. The analysis derived five themes: 1) responsibility at home, 2) fear of loss of autonomy and independence, 3) expectations of health and death, 4) the role of family, friends and homecare, and 5) the importance of trust. The older adults felt that the hospital strived for too-early discharge, as they were still feeling ill. The participants felt that their health and functional level slowly decreased towards readmission, and they were worried and fearful about managing daily life and losing their autonomy. Active involvement of family and friends increased their sense of security, but the participants who lived alone experienced a feeling of anxiety about being at home by themselves. Although they did not wish to go to the hospital, inadequate treatment and the responsibility of their illness made them feel insecure at home.In conclusion, receiving homecare was associated with an increased risk of readmission and death following an ED admission. Additionally, older adults receiving homecare prior to ED admission reported a lower individual QoL measured during admission than those without homecare. Collaboration between the ED and the primary healthcare sector in relation to acute care and treatment at home, support from family and friends, respecting autonomy and end-of-life (EOL) care are essential elements that can improve quality of care for older adults who receive homecare, particularly those receiving homecare > two hours per week. Our findings suggest that particular attention should be given to the QoL categories ‘Family’, ‘Social activities’, ‘Health’, ‘Everyday life’ and ‘Leisure activities’ in older adults’ treatment and care trajectories. The older adults felt that they were discharged before feeling well again and experienced inadequate treatment at home; to get well and receive treatment for their acute illnesses, their readmission became unavoidable. The readmission provided a sense of security because the older adults then handed the burden of care and responsibility for their health to the health professionals in the ED.
U2 - 10.21996/wjt5-3539
DO - 10.21996/wjt5-3539
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -