Prevalence and consequences of spinal pain among people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in Denmark

Purpose
To describe 1-week and 1-year prevalence of spinal pain and its consequences in relation to leisure activity, work-life, and care-seeking in people with type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods
A cross-sectional survey including adults diagnosed with DM from two Danish secondary care centres. Using the Standardised Nordic Questionnaire, spinal pain prevalence (cervical, thoracic, lumbar) and its consequences were evaluated (proportions, 95% confidence intervals) and compared to the general population.

Results
Among 3767 people, 1-week and 1-year spinal pain prevalence were 11.6–32.4 and 18.5–49.6%, respectively, highest for lumbar pain (24.6–49.6%). The prevalence was similar between DM types for cervical and thoracic pain, but higher in type 2 for lumbar spine. Women had higher pain prevalence across spinal regions and DM types, while cervical and thoracic pain estimates were higher for age  50% reported pain > 30 days, high proportions had reduced their activities (leisure time, 43.7–63.9%; work, 20.7–33.3%), 13.3–28.1% reported sick-leave > 30 days, and 44.3–48.5% had sought care due to spinal pain.

Conclusion
Spinal pain is common in people with type 1 and 2 DM, resulting in considerable consequences for work/leisure activities, sick-leave, and healthcare utilisation as compared to the general population.