No changes in levels of bone formation and resorption markers following a broad-spectrum antibiotic course

Background: Intestinal bacteria influence bone remodeling in rodents, and antibiotic manipulation of the rodent gut microbiota increases bone formation and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. In theory, these effects may be mediated by changes in sex hormone biotransformation in the gut, gut serotonin secretion or nutrition-induced secretion of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic hormone (GIP). Antibiotics change the human gut microbiota, but the effect of antibiotic treatment on human bone turnover is unknown. Methods: We analyzed serum levels of bone turnover markers, serotonin, GLP-2 and sex hormones before, immediately after, and eight, 42 and 180days after a 4-day per oral antibiotic cocktail (vancomycin 500mg, gentamycin 40mg and meropenem 500mg once-daily) in twelve healthy adult males. Fasting and meal-stimulated procollagen type I amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and osteocalcin levels were measured. Results: While the antibiotic course reduced the stool abundance and composition of anaerobic bacteria as confirmed by cultivation studies, neither short nor long-term alterations in serum P1NP, CTX and osteocalcin were observed. Furthermore, we did not observe any changes in levels of serum GLP-2, serotonin or sex hormones. Conclusion: Eradication of anaerobic bacteria from healthy adult males had no effect on serum bone turnover markers.