Nesfatin-1 in Human Milk and Its Association with Infant Anthropometry

Karina D. Honoré*, Signe Bruun, Lotte N. Jacobsen, Magnus Domellöf, Kim F. Michaelsen, Steffen Husby, Gitte Zachariassen

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Abstract

Breastfed infants have different growth patterns to formula-fed infants and are less likely to develop obesity later in life. Nesfatin-1 is an anorexigenic adipokine that was discovered in human milk more than a decade ago, and its role in infant appetite regulation is not clear. Our aim was to describe nesfatin-1 levels in human milk collected 3–4 months postpartum, associations with infant anthropometry, and factors (maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (mBMI), high weight gain during pregnancy, milk fat, and energy content) possibly influencing nesfatin-1 levels. We hypothesized that nesfatin-1 levels in mother’s milk would differ for infants that were large (high weight-for-age Z-score (WAZ)) or small (low WAZ) at the time of milk sample collection. We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect the nesfatin-1 concentration in milk samples from mothers to high WAZ (n = 50) and low WAZ (n = 50) infants. We investigated associations between nesfatin-1 levels and infant anthropometry at 3–4 months of age and growth since birth, using linear regression adjusted for mBMI, birth weight, infant sex, and exclusivity of breastfeeding. We found no difference in nesfatin-1 levels between the two groups and no association with infant anthropometry, even after adjusting for potential confounders. However, high nesfatin-1 levels were correlated with low mBMI. Future research should investigate serum nesfatin-1 level in both mothers, infants and associations with growth in breastfed children.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer176
TidsskriftNutrients
Vol/bind15
Udgave nummer1
Antal sider13
ISSN2072-6643
DOI
StatusUdgivet - jan. 2023

Bibliografisk note

Funding Information:
Honoré has received speaker fees from Nestlé Nutrition Institute. Zachariassen has received speaker fees from Nestlé Nutrition Institute and Mead Johnson Nutrition Institute. Bruun was employed by Arla Foods Ingredients from February 2016–January 2019 and has received speaker fees from Ordesa Group and Semper. Domellöf consultation honoraria or speaker fees Baxter AB, Baxter Deutschland GmbH, Danone Nutricia, Elgan Pharma, BioQuest Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Medscape Education/WebMD, Nestec Ltd. (Nestlé) and Nestlé Nutrition Institute as well as grants/research supports from Arla Foods Ingredients. Michaelsen has received research grants from the US Dairy Export Council, the Danish Dairy Research Foundation, and has also had research collaboration with Nutriset. Husby Steffen Husby has received unrestricted grants from Thermo-Fisher and Takeda and has been on an advisory board for Glaxo-Smith-Kline Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen declares no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.

Funding Information:
The study was funded by the PhD fund from the Region of Southern Denmark, the Faculty Scholarship from the University of Southern Denmark, and Arla Foods Ingredients.

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