TY - GEN
T1 - Minimal invasive diagnostics in patients suspected of Crohn’s disease
AU - Brodersen, Jacob Broder
PY - 2023/11/20
Y1 - 2023/11/20
N2 - Crohn's disease (CD) has been increasingly prevalent in countries with a Western lifestyle
over the past decades, with North America and northern Europe experiencing some of the
highest rates worldwide. However, the typical symptoms and signs of CD are common
among the general population. The non-specific symptoms overlapping with more common
conditions such as functional bowel disorders pose a diagnostic challenge, resulting in
delayed diagnostics work-up. Current guidelines for suspected CD recommend a two-step
diagnostic process involving an initial ileocolonoscopy followed by a small bowel
examination, regardless of initial findings. This strategy can, however, lead to additional
delays and unnecessary examinations. Neglecting this strategy, on the other hand, may
result in missed disease cases or an incomplete understanding of the disease burden,
ultimately affecting treatment decisions. There is a demand to optimize the initial diagnostic
approach for patients suspected of CD, aiming for a rapid, dependable, and patient-friendly
modality. In an ideal scenario, implementing a single-exam strategy could streamline the
diagnostic process, enhancing efficiency and reducing unnecessary examinations. This PhD
study aimed to investigate the feasibility of patient-friendly, minimally invasive diagnostic
modalities and to optimize their use in patients suspected of CD.Study 1 is a prospective blinded, multicenter study that assesses the diagnostic accuracy of
pan-enteric capsule endoscopy (PCE) and MRI compared to Ileocolonoscopy as the initial
diagnostic modality for newly referred patients with suspected CD. We included 153
patients and found PCE to be a highly accurate diagnostic tool far superior to MRI. PCE and
MRI were also associated with less discomfort than ileocolonoscopy. Thus, PCE could be a
feasible alternative to ileocolonoscopy in selected patients with suspected CD.Study 2 examined the adherence to the bowel cleansing regimen for PCE and factors
affecting the image quality. Fifty-nine patients from Study 1, whose amount of consumed
bowel preparation was known, were included. The polyethylene glycol volume significantly
affects the image quality, but only a few patients could consume the prescribed volume.
The diagnostic yield remained unaffected by the image quality.Study 3 examined the agreement of endoscopic severity and classification of lesions with
PCE and ileocolonoscopy. The analysis included 99 patients from Study 1. There was
substantial agreement for detecting ulcerations and the total SES-CD scores between the
two modalities. The assessment of disease activity does not differ significantly across these
endoscopic modalities, suggesting that their results are interchangeable – making
implementation in clinical practice less troublesome.Study 4 is an external validation study of Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis of PCE
from Study 1. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy, interobserver variance, and
estimated time reduction of AI-assisted review. We found the assistance of the AXARO®
framework reduced the initial review time substantially while maintaining high diagnostic
accuracy for CD and inflammatory bowel disease.The present PhD study provides a robust foundation for the future implementation of
minimally invasive and patient-friendly PCE as the initial diagnostic approach for patients
suspected of CD. AI assistance in PCE analysis has proven beneficial by significantly reducing
analysis time without compromising diagnostic accuracy. The results of the studies suggest
that PCE with AI assistance is a fast, valuable tool for ruling out inflammatory bowel disease
in newly referred patients suspected of CD.
AB - Crohn's disease (CD) has been increasingly prevalent in countries with a Western lifestyle
over the past decades, with North America and northern Europe experiencing some of the
highest rates worldwide. However, the typical symptoms and signs of CD are common
among the general population. The non-specific symptoms overlapping with more common
conditions such as functional bowel disorders pose a diagnostic challenge, resulting in
delayed diagnostics work-up. Current guidelines for suspected CD recommend a two-step
diagnostic process involving an initial ileocolonoscopy followed by a small bowel
examination, regardless of initial findings. This strategy can, however, lead to additional
delays and unnecessary examinations. Neglecting this strategy, on the other hand, may
result in missed disease cases or an incomplete understanding of the disease burden,
ultimately affecting treatment decisions. There is a demand to optimize the initial diagnostic
approach for patients suspected of CD, aiming for a rapid, dependable, and patient-friendly
modality. In an ideal scenario, implementing a single-exam strategy could streamline the
diagnostic process, enhancing efficiency and reducing unnecessary examinations. This PhD
study aimed to investigate the feasibility of patient-friendly, minimally invasive diagnostic
modalities and to optimize their use in patients suspected of CD.Study 1 is a prospective blinded, multicenter study that assesses the diagnostic accuracy of
pan-enteric capsule endoscopy (PCE) and MRI compared to Ileocolonoscopy as the initial
diagnostic modality for newly referred patients with suspected CD. We included 153
patients and found PCE to be a highly accurate diagnostic tool far superior to MRI. PCE and
MRI were also associated with less discomfort than ileocolonoscopy. Thus, PCE could be a
feasible alternative to ileocolonoscopy in selected patients with suspected CD.Study 2 examined the adherence to the bowel cleansing regimen for PCE and factors
affecting the image quality. Fifty-nine patients from Study 1, whose amount of consumed
bowel preparation was known, were included. The polyethylene glycol volume significantly
affects the image quality, but only a few patients could consume the prescribed volume.
The diagnostic yield remained unaffected by the image quality.Study 3 examined the agreement of endoscopic severity and classification of lesions with
PCE and ileocolonoscopy. The analysis included 99 patients from Study 1. There was
substantial agreement for detecting ulcerations and the total SES-CD scores between the
two modalities. The assessment of disease activity does not differ significantly across these
endoscopic modalities, suggesting that their results are interchangeable – making
implementation in clinical practice less troublesome.Study 4 is an external validation study of Artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted analysis of PCE
from Study 1. We aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy, interobserver variance, and
estimated time reduction of AI-assisted review. We found the assistance of the AXARO®
framework reduced the initial review time substantially while maintaining high diagnostic
accuracy for CD and inflammatory bowel disease.The present PhD study provides a robust foundation for the future implementation of
minimally invasive and patient-friendly PCE as the initial diagnostic approach for patients
suspected of CD. AI assistance in PCE analysis has proven beneficial by significantly reducing
analysis time without compromising diagnostic accuracy. The results of the studies suggest
that PCE with AI assistance is a fast, valuable tool for ruling out inflammatory bowel disease
in newly referred patients suspected of CD.
U2 - 10.21996/yakj-9s82
DO - 10.21996/yakj-9s82
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -