Melanin and Neuromelanin Fluorescence Studies Focusing on Parkinson's Disease and Its Inherent Risk for Melanoma

Dieter Leupold, Lukasz Szyc, Goran Stankovic, Sabrina Strobel, Hans-Ullrich Völker, Ulrike Fleck, Thomas Müller, Matthias Scholz, Peter Riederer, Camelia-Maria Monoranu

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Abstract

Parkinson's disease is associated with an increased risk of melanoma (and vice versa). Several hypotheses underline this link, such as pathways affecting both melanin and neuromelanin. For the first time, the fluorescence of melanin and neuromelanin is selectively accessible using a new method of nonlinear spectroscopy, based on a stepwise two-photon excitation. Cutaneous pigmentation and postmortem neuromelanin of Parkinson patients were characterized by fluorescence spectra and compared with controls. Spectral differences could not be documented, implying that there is neither a Parkinson fingerprint in cutaneous melanin spectra nor a melanin-associated fingerprint indicating an increased melanoma risk. Our measurements suggest that Parkinson's disease occurs without a configuration change of neuromelanin. However, Parkinson patients displayed the same dermatofluorescence spectroscopic fingerprint of a local malignant transformation as controls. This is the first comparative retrospective fluorescence analysis of cutaneous melanin and postmortem neuromelanin based on nonlinear spectroscopy in patients with Parkinson's disease and controls, and this method is a very suitable diagnostic tool for melanoma screening and early detection in Parkinson patients. Our results suggest a non-pigmentary pathway as the main link between Parkinson's disease and melanoma, and they do not rule out the melanocortin-1-receptor gene as an additional bridge between both diseases.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
Artikelnummer592
TidsskriftCells
Vol/bind8
Udgave nummer6
Antal sider13
ISSN2073-4409
DOI
StatusUdgivet - 15. jun. 2019

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