TY - GEN
T1 - Loneliness and social isolation – disentangling the associations with adverse health outcomes and investigating possible solutions
AU - Christiansen, Julie
PY - 2022/7/8
Y1 - 2022/7/8
N2 - Background Loneliness and social isolation have been recognised as serious public health issues.
Hence, loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Aim The overall purpose of the present thesis was to examine the association of loneliness and social
isolation with adverse health outcomes and determine whether and in what way loneliness and social
isolation contribute to poor health. In addition, the present thesis aimed to investigate possible
solutions by examining the effect of interventions to reduce loneliness. Methods Present thesis comprises four individual pieces of empirical research. Study I and II
comprised secondary data from the DNHS (2013) linked with individual-level register data using a
prospective cohort design. The studies investigated the associations of loneliness and social isolation
with chronic disease outcomes and HCU, respectively. Study III comprised cross-sectional data from
the DNHS (2017). The study investigated the association of loneliness and social isolation among
adolescents and young adults with physical and mental health. Lastly, the thesis includes a systematic
review and meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of loneliness interventions. Results Findings from study I demonstrated that loneliness and social isolation increased the risk of
CVD and T2D. However, neither loneliness nor social isolation was associated with the risk of COPD
and cancer. Study II demonstrated that loneliness significantly increased the amount of HCU,
including GP utilisation and emergency healthcare. However, social isolation did not affect HCU
over time. Findings from study III demonstrated that loneliness was strongly associated with poor
physical health, including chronic diseases, among adolescents and young adults. Social isolation
among adolescents and young adults was not associated with physical health. Both loneliness and
social isolation among adolescents and young adults were associated with mental health problems.
Findings from study IV demonstrated a small to moderate statistically significant effect of loneliness
interventions. Psychological treatment, social support interventions, and social and emotional skills
training appeared to be the most effective intervention strategies.Conclusion Findings from the present thesis show that loneliness and social isolation are associated
with chronic disease outcomes in the general population. Moreover, loneliness is associated with
increased HCU and correlates strongly with poor physical and mental health among adolescents and
young adults. Given the consequences of loneliness and social isolation, there is a need to continue
developing and evaluating loneliness interventions.
AB - Background Loneliness and social isolation have been recognised as serious public health issues.
Hence, loneliness and social isolation are associated with increased morbidity and mortality.
Aim The overall purpose of the present thesis was to examine the association of loneliness and social
isolation with adverse health outcomes and determine whether and in what way loneliness and social
isolation contribute to poor health. In addition, the present thesis aimed to investigate possible
solutions by examining the effect of interventions to reduce loneliness. Methods Present thesis comprises four individual pieces of empirical research. Study I and II
comprised secondary data from the DNHS (2013) linked with individual-level register data using a
prospective cohort design. The studies investigated the associations of loneliness and social isolation
with chronic disease outcomes and HCU, respectively. Study III comprised cross-sectional data from
the DNHS (2017). The study investigated the association of loneliness and social isolation among
adolescents and young adults with physical and mental health. Lastly, the thesis includes a systematic
review and meta-analysis investigating the effectiveness of loneliness interventions. Results Findings from study I demonstrated that loneliness and social isolation increased the risk of
CVD and T2D. However, neither loneliness nor social isolation was associated with the risk of COPD
and cancer. Study II demonstrated that loneliness significantly increased the amount of HCU,
including GP utilisation and emergency healthcare. However, social isolation did not affect HCU
over time. Findings from study III demonstrated that loneliness was strongly associated with poor
physical health, including chronic diseases, among adolescents and young adults. Social isolation
among adolescents and young adults was not associated with physical health. Both loneliness and
social isolation among adolescents and young adults were associated with mental health problems.
Findings from study IV demonstrated a small to moderate statistically significant effect of loneliness
interventions. Psychological treatment, social support interventions, and social and emotional skills
training appeared to be the most effective intervention strategies.Conclusion Findings from the present thesis show that loneliness and social isolation are associated
with chronic disease outcomes in the general population. Moreover, loneliness is associated with
increased HCU and correlates strongly with poor physical and mental health among adolescents and
young adults. Given the consequences of loneliness and social isolation, there is a need to continue
developing and evaluating loneliness interventions.
U2 - 10.21996/xtxy-6q36
DO - 10.21996/xtxy-6q36
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -