Abstract
Thermogenic adipocytes possess a therapeutically appealing, energy-expending capacity, which is canonically cold-induced by ligand-dependent activation of β-adrenergic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, we uncover an alternate paradigm of GPCR-mediated adipose thermogenesis through the constitutively active receptor, GPR3. We show that the N terminus of GPR3 confers intrinsic signaling activity, resulting in continuous Gs-coupling and cAMP production without an exogenous ligand. Thus, transcriptional induction of Gpr3 represents the regulatory parallel to ligand-binding of conventional GPCRs. Consequently, increasing Gpr3 expression in thermogenic adipocytes is alone sufficient to drive energy expenditure and counteract metabolic disease in mice. Gpr3 transcription is cold-stimulated by a lipolytic signal, and dietary fat potentiates GPR3-dependent thermogenesis to amplify the response to caloric excess. Moreover, we find GPR3 to be an essential, adrenergic-independent regulator of human brown adipocytes. Taken together, our findings reveal a noncanonical mechanism of GPCR control and thermogenic activation through the lipolysis-induced expression of constitutively active GPR3.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Tidsskrift | Cell |
| Vol/bind | 184 |
| Udgave nummer | 13 |
| Sider (fra-til) | 3502-3518 |
| ISSN | 0092-8674 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - 24. jun. 2021 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:We thank the members of the Gerhart-Hines lab for discussions. We thank Katharina Stohlmann and Kirsten Langberg Meeske for technical assistance. The authors thank B.B. Lowell (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) for providing the ?-less mice. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project used in this manuscript was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the NIH and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS. This work was supported by the NIH, National Institute of Digestive Diabetes and Kidney Diseases (grants DK102496, DK117504, and R56DK118150 to A.B.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (F73 SFB LIPID HYDROLYSIS to R. Schreiber and R.Z.), the Cardiovascular Research Netherlands for the GENIUS-2 project ?Generating the best evidence-based pharmaceutical targets for atherosclerosis? (CVON 2017-20 to P.C.N.R.), the Novo Nordisk Scholarship Programme (to O.S.J.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (project grant NNF18OC0034364 to Z.G.-H.), the Center for Adipocyte Signaling (ADIPOSIGN to S. Mandrup and NNF15CC0018486 and NNF15SA0018346 to M.R.), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Sapere Aude starting grant 4002-00024 to Z.G.-H. and DFF-7016-00279 to S. Mandrup), the Diabetes Research Program at Karolinska Institutet (to M.R.), the Swedish Research Council (to M.R.), CIMED (to M.R.), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (to M.R.), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (to M.R.), the Stockholm County Council (to M.R.), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation project number 289107305 to T.G. 335447717/SFB1328 and 290847636/FOR2372 to A.P. and 214362475/GRK1873/2 to L.R.-S.). N.Z.J. is supported by an independent fellowship from Danish Diabetes Academy (DDA) supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF17SA0031406, grant ID PD007-18). The genetic analysis was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP, http://www.lucamp.org). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 639382 to Z.G.-H.). The Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) is supported by TrygFonden (grants ID 101390 and ID 20045). During the study period, the Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) was supported by a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF55). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent Research Center at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (https://cbmr.ku.dk/). D.C. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (212313/Z/18/Z). Conceptualization, Z.G.-H. O.S.J. T.M. and Jakob Bondo Hansen; investigation, Z.G.-H. O.S.J. T.M. Jakob Bondo Hansen, L.K.M. R. Schreiber, L.R.-S. H.D. D.P.C. W.S. T.G. I.K. T.S.N. S.K. C.C. O.D. Y.S. M.R. S.L.O. E.N.K. C.H.N. W.O. N.W. N.Z.J. M.L. E.G.S. C.M.H. M.F. S. McGonigle, M.S.I. C.B. O.P. Jacob Bo Hansen, N.G. T.H. A.K. J.G.G. M.M.B. D.C. S.N. M.R. R. Soccio, P.C.N.R. J.T.T. T.W.S. B.E. A.B. A.P. R.Z. C.S. and S. Mandrup; writing ? original draft, Z.G.-H. and O.S.J.; writing ? review & editing, Z.G.-H. O.S.J. and T.M.; visualization, O.S.J. O.S.J. Jakob Bondo Hansen, D.P.C. T.W.S. and Z.G.-H. work or have worked, in some capacity, for Embark Biotech ApS, a company developing therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. All other authors declare no competing interests associated with this manuscript.
Funding Information:
We thank the members of the Gerhart-Hines lab for discussions. We thank Katharina Stohlmann and Kirsten Langberg Meeske for technical assistance. The authors thank B.B. Lowell (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) for providing the β-less mice. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project used in this manuscript was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the NIH and by NCI , NHGRI , NHLBI , NIDA , NIMH , and NINDS . This work was supported by the NIH , National Institute of Digestive Diabetes and Kidney Diseases (grants DK102496 , DK117504 , and R56DK118150 to A.B.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ( F73 SFB LIPID HYDROLYSIS to R. Schreiber and R.Z.), the Cardiovascular Research Netherlands for the GENIUS-2 project “Generating the best evidence-based pharmaceutical targets for atherosclerosis” ( CVON 2017-20 to P.C.N.R.), the Novo Nordisk Scholarship Programme (to O.S.J.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (project grant NNF18OC0034364 to Z.G.-H.), the Center for Adipocyte Signaling ( ADIPOSIGN to S. Mandrup and NNF15CC0018486 and NNF15SA0018346 to M.R.), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Sapere Aude starting grant 4002-00024 to Z.G.-H. and DFF-7016-00279 to S. Mandrup), the Diabetes Research Program at Karolinska Institutet (to M.R.), the Swedish Research Council (to M.R.), CIMED (to M.R.), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (to M.R.), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (to M.R.), the Stockholm County Council (to M.R.), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation project number 289107305 to T.G., 335447717/SFB1328 and 290847636/FOR2372 to A.P., and 214362475/GRK1873/2 to L.R.-S.). N.Z.J. is supported by an independent fellowship from Danish Diabetes Academy (DDA) supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF17SA0031406 , grant ID PD007-18 ). The genetic analysis was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP, http://www.lucamp.org ). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 639382 to Z.G.-H.). The Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) is supported by TrygFonden (grants ID 101390 and ID 20045 ). During the study period, the Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) was supported by a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation ( DNRF55 ). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent Research Center at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation ( https://cbmr.ku.dk/ ). D.C. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship ( 212313/Z/18/Z ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
Finansiering
We thank the members of the Gerhart-Hines lab for discussions. We thank Katharina Stohlmann and Kirsten Langberg Meeske for technical assistance. The authors thank B.B. Lowell (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) for providing the ?-less mice. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project used in this manuscript was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the NIH and by NCI, NHGRI, NHLBI, NIDA, NIMH, and NINDS. This work was supported by the NIH, National Institute of Digestive Diabetes and Kidney Diseases (grants DK102496, DK117504, and R56DK118150 to A.B.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (F73 SFB LIPID HYDROLYSIS to R. Schreiber and R.Z.), the Cardiovascular Research Netherlands for the GENIUS-2 project ?Generating the best evidence-based pharmaceutical targets for atherosclerosis? (CVON 2017-20 to P.C.N.R.), the Novo Nordisk Scholarship Programme (to O.S.J.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (project grant NNF18OC0034364 to Z.G.-H.), the Center for Adipocyte Signaling (ADIPOSIGN to S. Mandrup and NNF15CC0018486 and NNF15SA0018346 to M.R.), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Sapere Aude starting grant 4002-00024 to Z.G.-H. and DFF-7016-00279 to S. Mandrup), the Diabetes Research Program at Karolinska Institutet (to M.R.), the Swedish Research Council (to M.R.), CIMED (to M.R.), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (to M.R.), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (to M.R.), the Stockholm County Council (to M.R.), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation project number 289107305 to T.G. 335447717/SFB1328 and 290847636/FOR2372 to A.P. and 214362475/GRK1873/2 to L.R.-S.). N.Z.J. is supported by an independent fellowship from Danish Diabetes Academy (DDA) supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF17SA0031406, grant ID PD007-18). The genetic analysis was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP, http://www.lucamp.org). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 639382 to Z.G.-H.). The Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) is supported by TrygFonden (grants ID 101390 and ID 20045). During the study period, the Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) was supported by a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF55). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent Research Center at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation (https://cbmr.ku.dk/). D.C. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship (212313/Z/18/Z). Conceptualization, Z.G.-H. O.S.J. T.M. and Jakob Bondo Hansen; investigation, Z.G.-H. O.S.J. T.M. Jakob Bondo Hansen, L.K.M. R. Schreiber, L.R.-S. H.D. D.P.C. W.S. T.G. I.K. T.S.N. S.K. C.C. O.D. Y.S. M.R. S.L.O. E.N.K. C.H.N. W.O. N.W. N.Z.J. M.L. E.G.S. C.M.H. M.F. S. McGonigle, M.S.I. C.B. O.P. Jacob Bo Hansen, N.G. T.H. A.K. J.G.G. M.M.B. D.C. S.N. M.R. R. Soccio, P.C.N.R. J.T.T. T.W.S. B.E. A.B. A.P. R.Z. C.S. and S. Mandrup; writing ? original draft, Z.G.-H. and O.S.J.; writing ? review & editing, Z.G.-H. O.S.J. and T.M.; visualization, O.S.J. O.S.J. Jakob Bondo Hansen, D.P.C. T.W.S. and Z.G.-H. work or have worked, in some capacity, for Embark Biotech ApS, a company developing therapeutics for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. All other authors declare no competing interests associated with this manuscript. We thank the members of the Gerhart-Hines lab for discussions. We thank Katharina Stohlmann and Kirsten Langberg Meeske for technical assistance. The authors thank B.B. Lowell (Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) for providing the β-less mice. The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) Project used in this manuscript was supported by the Common Fund of the Office of the Director of the NIH and by NCI , NHGRI , NHLBI , NIDA , NIMH , and NINDS . This work was supported by the NIH , National Institute of Digestive Diabetes and Kidney Diseases (grants DK102496 , DK117504 , and R56DK118150 to A.B.), the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) ( F73 SFB LIPID HYDROLYSIS to R. Schreiber and R.Z.), the Cardiovascular Research Netherlands for the GENIUS-2 project “Generating the best evidence-based pharmaceutical targets for atherosclerosis” ( CVON 2017-20 to P.C.N.R.), the Novo Nordisk Scholarship Programme (to O.S.J.), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (project grant NNF18OC0034364 to Z.G.-H.), the Center for Adipocyte Signaling ( ADIPOSIGN to S. Mandrup and NNF15CC0018486 and NNF15SA0018346 to M.R.), the Independent Research Fund Denmark (Sapere Aude starting grant 4002-00024 to Z.G.-H. and DFF-7016-00279 to S. Mandrup), the Diabetes Research Program at Karolinska Institutet (to M.R.), the Swedish Research Council (to M.R.), CIMED (to M.R.), the Swedish Diabetes Foundation (to M.R.), the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (to M.R.), the Stockholm County Council (to M.R.), and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (German Research Foundation project number 289107305 to T.G., 335447717/SFB1328 and 290847636/FOR2372 to A.P., and 214362475/GRK1873/2 to L.R.-S.). N.Z.J. is supported by an independent fellowship from Danish Diabetes Academy (DDA) supported by the Novo Nordisk Foundation (grant number NNF17SA0031406 , grant ID PD007-18 ). The genetic analysis was supported by the Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP, http://www.lucamp.org ). This project has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (grant agreement no. 639382 to Z.G.-H.). The Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS) is supported by TrygFonden (grants ID 101390 and ID 20045 ). During the study period, the Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism (CIM) was supported by a grant from the Danish National Research Foundation ( DNRF55 ). The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent Research Center at the University of Copenhagen partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation ( https://cbmr.ku.dk/ ). D.C. is supported by a Wellcome Trust Senior Research Fellowship ( 212313/Z/18/Z ).
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