TY - GEN
T1 - Gynaecological healthcare in Denmark – what influence does the density of resident specialists in gynaecology have
AU - Laschke, Alexander
PY - 2023/9/25
Y1 - 2023/9/25
N2 - The underlying principles on which the Danish healthcare system functions are that the health of the population is a common concern and that everyone must have equal access to healthcare. Tax-financed health insurance guarantees citizens access to wholly or partly free treatment in the event of any illness.In Denmark, the healthcare system is managed by five administrative regions. The primary and secondary healthcare services offered by general practitioners (GPs), hospitals, and resident specialists are governed by these regions.Considering how the density of resident specialists in gynaecology (RSG) varies across the Danish regions, this thesis aims to investigate the extent to which this unequal distribution of RSG in the different regions of Denmark affects the referral patterns of GPs and patient experiences during the referral process.Additionally, it investigates how women consulting an RSG experience gynae-cological examination (GE) and what wishes and expectations women have regarding the GE.The results are presented in three separate papers.The first two papers examine the influence of the density of RSG in the respective regions. The influence of RSG density on the referral behaviour of GPs in certain situations and in relation to six benign gynaecological diagnoses was investigated. Further, the influence of RSG density on gynaecological patients' experience of the referral process to an RSG was also examined. Patient experiences of the referral process were explored in relation to patients´ socio-economic status (SES) as well. It was found that GPs preferred to refer their gynaecologic patients to RSG rather than to hospitals/outpatient clinics and that a larger number of gynaecological patients were referred to RSG in areas where the density of RSG was high. Furthermore, it was found that patients who lived in a region with a high concentration of RSG were referred to an RSG more rapidly after the onset of symptoms, required fewer visits to their GP before receiving a referral to the RSG, and, to a lesser extent, have already been gynaecological examined by their GP. More than the SES, the density of RSG seemed to have an effect on the women’s experiences. It was therefore concluded that a comparable distribution of RSG across the nation is crucial in enabling gynaecological patients receive equal access to specialist care.The third paper examined women's preferences and experiences in relation to GEs and investigated whether this is influenced by the SES of the patients. A significant number of patients disclosed that a changing room was important; they also preferred a garment to cover themselves, preferred a separate examination room, and thought that the presence of a chaperone was important. Additionally, it was found that women outside the workforce found the GE more challenging overall; therefore, a special focus on this group is required as a healthcare provider. In conclusion, the results support existing recommendations regarding GEs and the related environment, confirming that privacy and modesty are important considerations as they are of concern for a sizable number of women.
AB - The underlying principles on which the Danish healthcare system functions are that the health of the population is a common concern and that everyone must have equal access to healthcare. Tax-financed health insurance guarantees citizens access to wholly or partly free treatment in the event of any illness.In Denmark, the healthcare system is managed by five administrative regions. The primary and secondary healthcare services offered by general practitioners (GPs), hospitals, and resident specialists are governed by these regions.Considering how the density of resident specialists in gynaecology (RSG) varies across the Danish regions, this thesis aims to investigate the extent to which this unequal distribution of RSG in the different regions of Denmark affects the referral patterns of GPs and patient experiences during the referral process.Additionally, it investigates how women consulting an RSG experience gynae-cological examination (GE) and what wishes and expectations women have regarding the GE.The results are presented in three separate papers.The first two papers examine the influence of the density of RSG in the respective regions. The influence of RSG density on the referral behaviour of GPs in certain situations and in relation to six benign gynaecological diagnoses was investigated. Further, the influence of RSG density on gynaecological patients' experience of the referral process to an RSG was also examined. Patient experiences of the referral process were explored in relation to patients´ socio-economic status (SES) as well. It was found that GPs preferred to refer their gynaecologic patients to RSG rather than to hospitals/outpatient clinics and that a larger number of gynaecological patients were referred to RSG in areas where the density of RSG was high. Furthermore, it was found that patients who lived in a region with a high concentration of RSG were referred to an RSG more rapidly after the onset of symptoms, required fewer visits to their GP before receiving a referral to the RSG, and, to a lesser extent, have already been gynaecological examined by their GP. More than the SES, the density of RSG seemed to have an effect on the women’s experiences. It was therefore concluded that a comparable distribution of RSG across the nation is crucial in enabling gynaecological patients receive equal access to specialist care.The third paper examined women's preferences and experiences in relation to GEs and investigated whether this is influenced by the SES of the patients. A significant number of patients disclosed that a changing room was important; they also preferred a garment to cover themselves, preferred a separate examination room, and thought that the presence of a chaperone was important. Additionally, it was found that women outside the workforce found the GE more challenging overall; therefore, a special focus on this group is required as a healthcare provider. In conclusion, the results support existing recommendations regarding GEs and the related environment, confirming that privacy and modesty are important considerations as they are of concern for a sizable number of women.
U2 - 10.21996/tcnz-c721
DO - 10.21996/tcnz-c721
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -