TY - GEN
T1 - Formation of Professional Identity in Nursing Students: The Influences of Educational and Everyday Life Conditions
T2 - A Qualitative Practice Research Study
AU - Sørensen, Jette
PY - 2025/4/24
Y1 - 2025/4/24
N2 - This PhD project (2022-2025) originated from a shared issue experienced among
professionals in nursing education and intersects with educational research, nursing research
and professional studies. The project examined how participation conditions in educational
and everyday life influence nursing students’ formation of professional identity and their
development of agency. Grounded in critical psychological practice research, this study draws
perspectives from nursing students, clinical supervisors and educators to create new
knowledge about the interplay between educational structures, personal experiences and
professional identity formation. To capture these dynamics, a co-researcher group was
established to collaboratively reflect on these processes and co-create insights that inform
educational practices. The project comprised three qualitative sub-studies, where experiences gained along the way
were utilised and incorporated into the study design and the planning of the subsequent subproject.Sub-study 1 explored how various conditions within the educational context impact nursing
students' experiences and their development of professional agency in becoming nurses.
Through participant observations and in-situ interviewing, the researcher followed two
nursing students during their final clinical placements at a geriatric department in a Danish
university hospital. Additionally, the educational practices of two cohorts of students at a
university college were observed. Observations and in-situ interviews over three months
revealed how learning environments and role models influenced nursing students’ motivation,
and their experience of ontological safety was pivotal for their learning possibilities.Sub-study 2 investigated how conditions in students' everyday lives influence their
professional identity formation. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 students and 29
written narratives were collected at the beginning, midpoint and end of their educational
trajectory. Collectively, these data highlight how personal caregiving experiences and support
from significant others formed their understanding and commitment to the nursing profession.
The study also demonstrated how doubts and responsibility could be recontextualised from an
individualised challenge to a shared and relational understanding, transforming these doubts and emotions of responsibility into a deepened self-understanding and strengthened
professional identity.Sub-study 3 critically explored how clinical supervisors and educators perceive the condition
and their roles in nursing students' learning trajectories and students' professional identity
formation. Focus groups with 13 clinical supervisors from somatic, psychiatric and home care
settings and 15 educators from three teams at a university college revealed the dual roles and
role conflicts they encountered. The study illuminated how clinical supervisors and educators
perceive nursing students as increasingly vulnerable, influenced by both personal and
organisational conditions. This perception underscores the challenges of supporting students
through their learning journey. Furthermore, the study examined how navigating dual roles
and role conflicts increased student vulnerability in learning and how the distinction between
professionalism and personality influenced professional identity formation. These findings
highlighted the need to address how organisational and educational conditions influenced
efforts to support students in this process.Findings across the sub-studies reveal that nursing students’ professional identity is shaped by
a complex interplay of everyday life, relational interaction, educational arrangements,
organisational structures, participation, agency and daily life practices. The students' everyday
life experiences, including caregiving responsibilities and the support they receive from
significant others, play a crucial role in their motivation and professional commitment. These
life conditions influence their understanding of the nursing profession and form their agency,
expanding or limiting their ability to navigate educational and clinical challenges. Relational
interactions with peers, clinical supervisors and educators contribute to fostering ontological
safety, a sense of belonging and trust, which are essential for students’ emotional well-being
and their ability to engage fully in the learning process.The educational frameworks, including the role models encountered by students and their
opportunities for reflection, help form their professional identity by offering guidance and
support in aligning personal values with professional norms. However, the educational system
must also consider the diverse conditions influencing student participation, as some may face
additional barriers due to personal or situational factors.Organisational structures, including the roles of clinical supervisors and educators,
significantly impact the conditions under which students can develop their professional identity. Role conflicts and dual responsibilities can increase their vulnerability and affect
their ability to participate meaningfully in both academic and clinical environments. Students’
increased vulnerability was found to challenge their learning processes, mainly when
organisational and relational support mechanisms were insufficient to address individual and
systemic barriers.These insights underscore the need for structural changes in nursing education that prioritise
collaboration, inclusivity and reflection by reframing challenges as collective and structural
rather than individual problems. Clinical supervisors and educators view nursing students as
increasingly vulnerable due to personal and organisational factors. Dual roles and role
conflicts exacerbate this vulnerability, affecting identity formation. These insights emphasise
the importance of addressing how organisational and educational conditions impact student
support. Furthermore, improving working conditions for clinical supervisors and educators –
ensuring their educational responsibilities are recognised – will help strengthen their
professional identity.Moreover, the study contributed to changes in educational practice through close
collaboration with participants (co-researchers), creating environments that promote
participation and support students’ development of agency, empathy, situated professional
identity and professional commitment as nurses while acknowledging the value of their
everyday lives.
AB - This PhD project (2022-2025) originated from a shared issue experienced among
professionals in nursing education and intersects with educational research, nursing research
and professional studies. The project examined how participation conditions in educational
and everyday life influence nursing students’ formation of professional identity and their
development of agency. Grounded in critical psychological practice research, this study draws
perspectives from nursing students, clinical supervisors and educators to create new
knowledge about the interplay between educational structures, personal experiences and
professional identity formation. To capture these dynamics, a co-researcher group was
established to collaboratively reflect on these processes and co-create insights that inform
educational practices. The project comprised three qualitative sub-studies, where experiences gained along the way
were utilised and incorporated into the study design and the planning of the subsequent subproject.Sub-study 1 explored how various conditions within the educational context impact nursing
students' experiences and their development of professional agency in becoming nurses.
Through participant observations and in-situ interviewing, the researcher followed two
nursing students during their final clinical placements at a geriatric department in a Danish
university hospital. Additionally, the educational practices of two cohorts of students at a
university college were observed. Observations and in-situ interviews over three months
revealed how learning environments and role models influenced nursing students’ motivation,
and their experience of ontological safety was pivotal for their learning possibilities.Sub-study 2 investigated how conditions in students' everyday lives influence their
professional identity formation. In-depth interviews were conducted with 16 students and 29
written narratives were collected at the beginning, midpoint and end of their educational
trajectory. Collectively, these data highlight how personal caregiving experiences and support
from significant others formed their understanding and commitment to the nursing profession.
The study also demonstrated how doubts and responsibility could be recontextualised from an
individualised challenge to a shared and relational understanding, transforming these doubts and emotions of responsibility into a deepened self-understanding and strengthened
professional identity.Sub-study 3 critically explored how clinical supervisors and educators perceive the condition
and their roles in nursing students' learning trajectories and students' professional identity
formation. Focus groups with 13 clinical supervisors from somatic, psychiatric and home care
settings and 15 educators from three teams at a university college revealed the dual roles and
role conflicts they encountered. The study illuminated how clinical supervisors and educators
perceive nursing students as increasingly vulnerable, influenced by both personal and
organisational conditions. This perception underscores the challenges of supporting students
through their learning journey. Furthermore, the study examined how navigating dual roles
and role conflicts increased student vulnerability in learning and how the distinction between
professionalism and personality influenced professional identity formation. These findings
highlighted the need to address how organisational and educational conditions influenced
efforts to support students in this process.Findings across the sub-studies reveal that nursing students’ professional identity is shaped by
a complex interplay of everyday life, relational interaction, educational arrangements,
organisational structures, participation, agency and daily life practices. The students' everyday
life experiences, including caregiving responsibilities and the support they receive from
significant others, play a crucial role in their motivation and professional commitment. These
life conditions influence their understanding of the nursing profession and form their agency,
expanding or limiting their ability to navigate educational and clinical challenges. Relational
interactions with peers, clinical supervisors and educators contribute to fostering ontological
safety, a sense of belonging and trust, which are essential for students’ emotional well-being
and their ability to engage fully in the learning process.The educational frameworks, including the role models encountered by students and their
opportunities for reflection, help form their professional identity by offering guidance and
support in aligning personal values with professional norms. However, the educational system
must also consider the diverse conditions influencing student participation, as some may face
additional barriers due to personal or situational factors.Organisational structures, including the roles of clinical supervisors and educators,
significantly impact the conditions under which students can develop their professional identity. Role conflicts and dual responsibilities can increase their vulnerability and affect
their ability to participate meaningfully in both academic and clinical environments. Students’
increased vulnerability was found to challenge their learning processes, mainly when
organisational and relational support mechanisms were insufficient to address individual and
systemic barriers.These insights underscore the need for structural changes in nursing education that prioritise
collaboration, inclusivity and reflection by reframing challenges as collective and structural
rather than individual problems. Clinical supervisors and educators view nursing students as
increasingly vulnerable due to personal and organisational factors. Dual roles and role
conflicts exacerbate this vulnerability, affecting identity formation. These insights emphasise
the importance of addressing how organisational and educational conditions impact student
support. Furthermore, improving working conditions for clinical supervisors and educators –
ensuring their educational responsibilities are recognised – will help strengthen their
professional identity.Moreover, the study contributed to changes in educational practice through close
collaboration with participants (co-researchers), creating environments that promote
participation and support students’ development of agency, empathy, situated professional
identity and professional commitment as nurses while acknowledging the value of their
everyday lives.
KW - Professional identity
KW - nursing student
KW - formation
KW - qualitative research
KW - critical psychology
KW - practice research
U2 - 10.21996/112bc24f-6fb2-4da5-bbc1-de68122be02a
DO - 10.21996/112bc24f-6fb2-4da5-bbc1-de68122be02a
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -