TY - GEN
T1 - Feasibility of mHealth in combination with health coaching for supporting patients with prostate cancer – Patients’ and healthcare professionals’ perspectives and experiences
AU - Obro, Louise Faurholt
PY - 2024/5/8
Y1 - 2024/5/8
N2 - Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Low-risk PCa,
characterized by slow growth and minimal metastatic potential, may not require aggressive treatment.
Traditional treatments like radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy carry significant risks and may
not benefit most low-risk patients. Alternative management strategies, such as active surveillance and
watchful waiting, aim to avoid unnecessary treatment and its adverse effects. However, some low-risk PCa patients experience anxiety and uncertainty, leading to use of aggressive therapies even
though there is no evidence of progression. This behavior is inappropriate for both the individual
patient and for the society since aggressive treatment is often related to significant side-effects.
Therefore, there is a need for tools to support self-management in patients with PCa in observational
management. Supporting self-management, including managing symptoms and lifestyle adjustments,
can improve well-being and quality of life. Digital health technologies, particularly mobile health
devices, offer potential benefits with regard to enhancing self-management support. Health coaching,
a patient-centered approach, empowers patients to set health goals and develop self-management
skills. The overall aim of this PhD project was to explore the feasibility of an intervention offering
mHealth in combination with health coaching to support patients with PCa. The thesis consists of
four studies.Study 1 is a scoping review with the aim of gaining insights into the contemporary literature regarding
mHealth in combination with health coaching in chronic disease management to support patients’
self-management. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist and the five-stage guidelines of Arksey and O´Malley
were used to conduct the review. The review revealed that health coaching aims to involve, motivate,
and support individuals in achieving goals. However, there is a lack of clear terminology in coaching
interventions, making it difficult to understand the content. Most papers describe coaching as the key
to the success of the intervention, and patients report satisfaction with coaching. mHealth devices are
used in interventions to support participants in reaching their goals. Both mHealth and health
coaching benefit from each other in supporting patients’ self-management. The review presents two
approaches for incorporating mHealth and health coaching in self-management interventions: 1)
using coaching as support for mHealth, where coaches play a more supportive role in motivating
patients or assisting them in using mHealth devices; and 2) using mHealth as a support for health
coaching, where participants provide data to be used and analyzed during coaching conversations or
as support between sessions.Study 2 and Study 3 are two empirical studies aiming at exploring the patients’ (Study 2) and the
healthcare professionals’ (Study 3) experiences and perspectives of an intervention offering self-management support through mHealth and health coaching. In Study 2, data were generated through
26 individual interviews with 13 patients, participant observations, and notes from the nurses. The
analysis identified four interacting themes: 1) justification for tracking, 2) understanding one’s health,
3) tracking as control, and 4) competence related to IT ranged in a spectrum from a sense of autonomy
to paternalism. In Study 3, data were generated through eight individual interviews with four nurses,
a focus group interview, participant observations, and notes from the nurses. The analysis identified
three overarching and interacting themes: 1) the influence of coaching, 2) the influence of mHealth,
and 3) relations through shared experiences.Study 4 aimed at exploring the nurses’ use of mHealth devices in health coaching and critically
reflecting on the barriers and facilitators to the use of mHealth devices that may serve as boundary
objects. This study was constructed as a long argument on how mHealth devices seem to bridge
patients and nurses and facilitate health coaching. We found that nurses are increasingly seen as
innovators and technical healthcare supporters, but some lack the necessary competencies for
mHealth, leading to low motivation. The study suggests integrating technology into the nursing
metaparadigm to advance nursing science and knowledge. Despite challenges, mHealth can create a
shared experience between patients and nurses, leading to trust. It can function as a boundary object,
allowing nurses and patients to unite and exchange knowledge, facilitating collective learning and
coaching conversations.The overall conclusion presented in this thesis is that mHealth in combination with health coaching
can help patients develop self-management skills by tracking symptoms and translating data into
everyday life advice. Health coaching was key to success, as patients felt supported and had a strong
relationship with the coach. The study identified facilitators and barriers for designing and
implementing digital interventions in clinical practice. The main facilitators were patients’ and
nurses’ ability to protect and live up to their identities, which was central to their motivation for the
new tasks. Barriers were the experience of not being able to live up to one’s self-image, leading to
demotivation. Therefore, fostering an environment that values autonomy, encouraging ownership,
and ensuring patients have the right competencies to be self-confident and motivated for the
intervention is essential. Furthermore, screening patients’ digital health literacy and providing
technological support is also crucial. Additionally, mHealth devices were effective in coaching, despite the challenges they represented for nurses and patients. The study emphasizes the importance
of interaction and relationship between nurses and patients for their identities and motivation.
Integrating mHealth into coaching could cater to male patients’ needs, fostering meaningful
relationships and facilitating challenging conversations.
AB - Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer in men worldwide. Low-risk PCa,
characterized by slow growth and minimal metastatic potential, may not require aggressive treatment.
Traditional treatments like radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy carry significant risks and may
not benefit most low-risk patients. Alternative management strategies, such as active surveillance and
watchful waiting, aim to avoid unnecessary treatment and its adverse effects. However, some low-risk PCa patients experience anxiety and uncertainty, leading to use of aggressive therapies even
though there is no evidence of progression. This behavior is inappropriate for both the individual
patient and for the society since aggressive treatment is often related to significant side-effects.
Therefore, there is a need for tools to support self-management in patients with PCa in observational
management. Supporting self-management, including managing symptoms and lifestyle adjustments,
can improve well-being and quality of life. Digital health technologies, particularly mobile health
devices, offer potential benefits with regard to enhancing self-management support. Health coaching,
a patient-centered approach, empowers patients to set health goals and develop self-management
skills. The overall aim of this PhD project was to explore the feasibility of an intervention offering
mHealth in combination with health coaching to support patients with PCa. The thesis consists of
four studies.Study 1 is a scoping review with the aim of gaining insights into the contemporary literature regarding
mHealth in combination with health coaching in chronic disease management to support patients’
self-management. The PRISMA-ScR Checklist and the five-stage guidelines of Arksey and O´Malley
were used to conduct the review. The review revealed that health coaching aims to involve, motivate,
and support individuals in achieving goals. However, there is a lack of clear terminology in coaching
interventions, making it difficult to understand the content. Most papers describe coaching as the key
to the success of the intervention, and patients report satisfaction with coaching. mHealth devices are
used in interventions to support participants in reaching their goals. Both mHealth and health
coaching benefit from each other in supporting patients’ self-management. The review presents two
approaches for incorporating mHealth and health coaching in self-management interventions: 1)
using coaching as support for mHealth, where coaches play a more supportive role in motivating
patients or assisting them in using mHealth devices; and 2) using mHealth as a support for health
coaching, where participants provide data to be used and analyzed during coaching conversations or
as support between sessions.Study 2 and Study 3 are two empirical studies aiming at exploring the patients’ (Study 2) and the
healthcare professionals’ (Study 3) experiences and perspectives of an intervention offering self-management support through mHealth and health coaching. In Study 2, data were generated through
26 individual interviews with 13 patients, participant observations, and notes from the nurses. The
analysis identified four interacting themes: 1) justification for tracking, 2) understanding one’s health,
3) tracking as control, and 4) competence related to IT ranged in a spectrum from a sense of autonomy
to paternalism. In Study 3, data were generated through eight individual interviews with four nurses,
a focus group interview, participant observations, and notes from the nurses. The analysis identified
three overarching and interacting themes: 1) the influence of coaching, 2) the influence of mHealth,
and 3) relations through shared experiences.Study 4 aimed at exploring the nurses’ use of mHealth devices in health coaching and critically
reflecting on the barriers and facilitators to the use of mHealth devices that may serve as boundary
objects. This study was constructed as a long argument on how mHealth devices seem to bridge
patients and nurses and facilitate health coaching. We found that nurses are increasingly seen as
innovators and technical healthcare supporters, but some lack the necessary competencies for
mHealth, leading to low motivation. The study suggests integrating technology into the nursing
metaparadigm to advance nursing science and knowledge. Despite challenges, mHealth can create a
shared experience between patients and nurses, leading to trust. It can function as a boundary object,
allowing nurses and patients to unite and exchange knowledge, facilitating collective learning and
coaching conversations.The overall conclusion presented in this thesis is that mHealth in combination with health coaching
can help patients develop self-management skills by tracking symptoms and translating data into
everyday life advice. Health coaching was key to success, as patients felt supported and had a strong
relationship with the coach. The study identified facilitators and barriers for designing and
implementing digital interventions in clinical practice. The main facilitators were patients’ and
nurses’ ability to protect and live up to their identities, which was central to their motivation for the
new tasks. Barriers were the experience of not being able to live up to one’s self-image, leading to
demotivation. Therefore, fostering an environment that values autonomy, encouraging ownership,
and ensuring patients have the right competencies to be self-confident and motivated for the
intervention is essential. Furthermore, screening patients’ digital health literacy and providing
technological support is also crucial. Additionally, mHealth devices were effective in coaching, despite the challenges they represented for nurses and patients. The study emphasizes the importance
of interaction and relationship between nurses and patients for their identities and motivation.
Integrating mHealth into coaching could cater to male patients’ needs, fostering meaningful
relationships and facilitating challenging conversations.
U2 - 10.21996/fze0-xb91
DO - 10.21996/fze0-xb91
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -