Epidemiology and Pathology of Carotid Artery Diseases

Carotid artery atherosclerosis is a common vascular disorder characterised by plaque deposition within the carotid arteries, major arteries supplying blood to the brain. Epidemiologically, it is associated with several risk factors and has significant implications for cardiovascular health. Carotid artery dissection is a condition that occurs when the layers of the carotid artery wall tear, leading to blood flow between the layers and potentially causing stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Carotid artery aneurysms are relatively rare but potentially severe vascular abnormalities. Carotid vasculitis is a rare condition characterised by inflammation of the carotid arteries, which are major blood vessels supplying the head and neck. It can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly diagnosed and treated.