TY - GEN
T1 - Electro-optic metasurfaces for free-space light modulation
AU - Damgaard-Carstensen, Christopher
PY - 2025/2/13
Y1 - 2025/2/13
N2 - The development of highly efficient and ultrafast dynamic optical metasurfaces will unlock a new range of applications within technologies such as spatial light modulators, light detection and ranging, and virtual and augmented reality systems. This PhD thesis presents investigations of dynamic optical metasurfaces for free-space optical intensity modulation. The experimentally realized metasurfaces are based on a thin film lithium niobate platform which offers inherently fast switching speeds when utilizing the electro-optic Pockels effect. Each metasurface is optimized for maximum efficiency by numerical methods and subsequently fabricated by electron-beam lithography and thin-film deposition techniques.The thesis presents the design, optimization, fabrication, and characterization of three dynamic optical metasurfaces utilizing different resonant configurations. Each device is characterized by the optical and electro-optical response using optical spectroscopy techniques. Initially, we exploit the hybridization of a Fabry-Perot resonance and the resonant excitation of a transverse magnetic waveguide mode. Secondly, we conduct thorough investigations of the optical modes supported by the lithium niobate thin film platform, and we increase the experimentally achieved modulation depth simply by exploiting a low-loss transverse electric waveguide mode instead. For the third metasurface we utilize a lithium niobate thin film of larger thickness, and we introduce band gap effects to the nonlocal interaction with the waveguide modes. Thereby we introduce also quasi-bound states in the continuum. With this configuration we demonstrate record-high efficiencies of the metasurface modulator when comparing with other devices based on a similar material platform. Lastly, a suggestion for implementing nonreciprocal propagation utilizing the performance of our metasurface modulator is analytically and numerically investigated. The thesis ultimately arrives at the conclusion that highly efficient and ultrafast optical metasurfaces can result in the successful realization of unique optical functionalities based on spatial and temporal control of optical fields.
AB - The development of highly efficient and ultrafast dynamic optical metasurfaces will unlock a new range of applications within technologies such as spatial light modulators, light detection and ranging, and virtual and augmented reality systems. This PhD thesis presents investigations of dynamic optical metasurfaces for free-space optical intensity modulation. The experimentally realized metasurfaces are based on a thin film lithium niobate platform which offers inherently fast switching speeds when utilizing the electro-optic Pockels effect. Each metasurface is optimized for maximum efficiency by numerical methods and subsequently fabricated by electron-beam lithography and thin-film deposition techniques.The thesis presents the design, optimization, fabrication, and characterization of three dynamic optical metasurfaces utilizing different resonant configurations. Each device is characterized by the optical and electro-optical response using optical spectroscopy techniques. Initially, we exploit the hybridization of a Fabry-Perot resonance and the resonant excitation of a transverse magnetic waveguide mode. Secondly, we conduct thorough investigations of the optical modes supported by the lithium niobate thin film platform, and we increase the experimentally achieved modulation depth simply by exploiting a low-loss transverse electric waveguide mode instead. For the third metasurface we utilize a lithium niobate thin film of larger thickness, and we introduce band gap effects to the nonlocal interaction with the waveguide modes. Thereby we introduce also quasi-bound states in the continuum. With this configuration we demonstrate record-high efficiencies of the metasurface modulator when comparing with other devices based on a similar material platform. Lastly, a suggestion for implementing nonreciprocal propagation utilizing the performance of our metasurface modulator is analytically and numerically investigated. The thesis ultimately arrives at the conclusion that highly efficient and ultrafast optical metasurfaces can result in the successful realization of unique optical functionalities based on spatial and temporal control of optical fields.
U2 - 10.21996/74079b61-a906-4f4a-9314-cfa2fdaf0598
DO - 10.21996/74079b61-a906-4f4a-9314-cfa2fdaf0598
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Tekniske Fakultet
ER -