TY - GEN
T1 - Development, feasibility, and evaluation of HIP fracture REhabilitation Program based on daily activities for older adults with hip fracture
AU - Røpke, Alice
PY - 2022/9/21
Y1 - 2022/9/21
N2 - Introduction
The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is essential in maintaining an independent
lifestyle and participating in meaningful activities. However, for older adults with hip fractures
(HFs), loss of independence and a further decrease in ADL ability often persists beyond 3 months
after surgery. This increases the risk of social isolation, depression, and thereby results in a decrease
in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, a rehabilitation intervention aimed at reducing
decreases in ADL ability is crucial for elderly individuals with HFs. Danish clinical guidelines
recommend that rehabilitation begins at the hospital in the acute phase and continues after discharge
to a municipal rehabilitation center while securing a seamless transition from one sector to the
other. In Denmark, rehabilitation often includes a multidisciplinary team consisting of
physiotherapists, OTs, doctors, nurses, and health care assistants, where the focus on rehabilitation
in the performance of ADL tasks often is a challenge for many older adults with HF. Rehabilitation
for the older adults aged 65 years or older with HF, based on ADL (e.g., performing activities such
as bathing and dressing) and home visits, has shown some promising results in performing ADL.
Achieving a functional habitual level for the older adult with HF is a challenge and therefore there
seems to be potential for developing an individually tailored cross-sectoral intervention program, as
an add-on to usual rehabilitation, based in ADL among older adults with HF. Objective The overall aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to develop a rehabilitation program for older adults with HF
that focuses on enabling them to perform ADL safely and independently and enhance their HRQoL.
The objectives for Study I: To develop a rehabilitation program for older adults with HF using a
participatory client-centered and dialogue-based communication with the collaboration and
exchange of information and knowledge about rehabilitation from the perspectives of older adults with HF as well as Health care professionals (HCP) across sectors; Study II: To evaluate the
feasibility of the HIP fracture REhabilitation Program (HIP-REP) developed in Study I; Study III:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a HIP-REP on the quality and independence of ADL ability
(performance) using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and HRQoL measures.
Design To answer the overarching aim, three studies inspired by the Medical Research Council’s (MRC)
Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions were conducted. A development
study (phase I), a feasibility study (phase II), and an evaluation study (phase III). Development of
these studies were based on results from the previous ones.Results Study I identified three generic categories: (1) Challenge older adults with goal-oriented ADL tasks,
(2) Implement strategies to enhance the independent and safe performance of ADL tasks; (3)
Communicate important information to the target group and across sectors. A program was
developed and an intervention to enhance usual rehabilitation was designed, comprising an
individualized intervention component consisting of five additional therapy sessions based on ADL
tasks.Study II demonstrated that the participant recruitment rate was 4.5 individuals per month. Overall,
13 out of 18 participants completed the study, while three dropped out and two died. Adherence
among the 13 remaining participants was 100%. The focus group revealed issues related to
coordinating the intervention, ensuring procedural processes across sectors regarding participant
recruitment, and documentation in the database. Participants expressed satisfaction with the
intervention and felt safe when undergoing the program. AMPS showed an average increase in
ADL motor ability (from 0.0 to 0.9) and process ability (from 0.5 to 1.0) measures. In Study III, the clinical trial, 80 participants were recruited (39 in the intervention group, 41 in the
control group). Only data from 49 participants (61.3%) were analyzed at 3 months, due to large loss
to follow-up. Of the 39 participants allocated to the intervention group, 23 (59%) received the
intervention. Although there was no difference in improvements between the groups, post-hoc
subgroup analysis indicated that participants in the intervention group discharged to rehabilitation
center achieved a greater increase in both motor and process scores at 3 months when compared to
the intervention group discharged from hospital to own home.ConclusionThe development of the intervention highlighted the need to set individual goals and challenge older
adults with HF through guiding strategies to enhance safe and independent performance of ADL
tasks. Furthermore, providing written and oral information about goal setting during the transitional
rehabilitation was also crucial. Testing the cross-sectoral intervention showed suitable rates of
recruitment, retention, and outcome measure completion. Although, the cross-sectoral intervention
based on ADL was perceived as relevant and feasible by older adults with HF and the HCPs, the
efficacy of the HIP-REP showed there was no increase patients’ ability to perform ADL.
AB - Introduction
The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is essential in maintaining an independent
lifestyle and participating in meaningful activities. However, for older adults with hip fractures
(HFs), loss of independence and a further decrease in ADL ability often persists beyond 3 months
after surgery. This increases the risk of social isolation, depression, and thereby results in a decrease
in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Therefore, a rehabilitation intervention aimed at reducing
decreases in ADL ability is crucial for elderly individuals with HFs. Danish clinical guidelines
recommend that rehabilitation begins at the hospital in the acute phase and continues after discharge
to a municipal rehabilitation center while securing a seamless transition from one sector to the
other. In Denmark, rehabilitation often includes a multidisciplinary team consisting of
physiotherapists, OTs, doctors, nurses, and health care assistants, where the focus on rehabilitation
in the performance of ADL tasks often is a challenge for many older adults with HF. Rehabilitation
for the older adults aged 65 years or older with HF, based on ADL (e.g., performing activities such
as bathing and dressing) and home visits, has shown some promising results in performing ADL.
Achieving a functional habitual level for the older adult with HF is a challenge and therefore there
seems to be potential for developing an individually tailored cross-sectoral intervention program, as
an add-on to usual rehabilitation, based in ADL among older adults with HF. Objective The overall aim of this Ph.D. thesis is to develop a rehabilitation program for older adults with HF
that focuses on enabling them to perform ADL safely and independently and enhance their HRQoL.
The objectives for Study I: To develop a rehabilitation program for older adults with HF using a
participatory client-centered and dialogue-based communication with the collaboration and
exchange of information and knowledge about rehabilitation from the perspectives of older adults with HF as well as Health care professionals (HCP) across sectors; Study II: To evaluate the
feasibility of the HIP fracture REhabilitation Program (HIP-REP) developed in Study I; Study III:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a HIP-REP on the quality and independence of ADL ability
(performance) using the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) and HRQoL measures.
Design To answer the overarching aim, three studies inspired by the Medical Research Council’s (MRC)
Guidelines for Developing and Evaluating Complex Interventions were conducted. A development
study (phase I), a feasibility study (phase II), and an evaluation study (phase III). Development of
these studies were based on results from the previous ones.Results Study I identified three generic categories: (1) Challenge older adults with goal-oriented ADL tasks,
(2) Implement strategies to enhance the independent and safe performance of ADL tasks; (3)
Communicate important information to the target group and across sectors. A program was
developed and an intervention to enhance usual rehabilitation was designed, comprising an
individualized intervention component consisting of five additional therapy sessions based on ADL
tasks.Study II demonstrated that the participant recruitment rate was 4.5 individuals per month. Overall,
13 out of 18 participants completed the study, while three dropped out and two died. Adherence
among the 13 remaining participants was 100%. The focus group revealed issues related to
coordinating the intervention, ensuring procedural processes across sectors regarding participant
recruitment, and documentation in the database. Participants expressed satisfaction with the
intervention and felt safe when undergoing the program. AMPS showed an average increase in
ADL motor ability (from 0.0 to 0.9) and process ability (from 0.5 to 1.0) measures. In Study III, the clinical trial, 80 participants were recruited (39 in the intervention group, 41 in the
control group). Only data from 49 participants (61.3%) were analyzed at 3 months, due to large loss
to follow-up. Of the 39 participants allocated to the intervention group, 23 (59%) received the
intervention. Although there was no difference in improvements between the groups, post-hoc
subgroup analysis indicated that participants in the intervention group discharged to rehabilitation
center achieved a greater increase in both motor and process scores at 3 months when compared to
the intervention group discharged from hospital to own home.ConclusionThe development of the intervention highlighted the need to set individual goals and challenge older
adults with HF through guiding strategies to enhance safe and independent performance of ADL
tasks. Furthermore, providing written and oral information about goal setting during the transitional
rehabilitation was also crucial. Testing the cross-sectoral intervention showed suitable rates of
recruitment, retention, and outcome measure completion. Although, the cross-sectoral intervention
based on ADL was perceived as relevant and feasible by older adults with HF and the HCPs, the
efficacy of the HIP-REP showed there was no increase patients’ ability to perform ADL.
U2 - 10.21996/35tj-4r95
DO - 10.21996/35tj-4r95
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -