Developing socio-ecological indicators for changing Northern Coastal environments

Monitoring tools and indicators that incorporate ecological and socio-economic aspects of ecosystems can lead to improved management outcomes and resource use benefits. Local and Indigenous communities in Northern coastal environments, including Nunatsiavut (northern Labrador, Canada), strongly rely on marine resources for food security, social, economic, and cultural integrity. Integrating Indigenous Knowledge and Western science through ethical and principled collaboration with local stakeholders and rights holders is a prerequisite for improving outcomes that support the priorities of local communities. Here, we identify a framework for developing socio-ecological indicators for northern coastal systems using case studies from our research program in Nunatsiavut. We highlight the importance and challenges of integrating science and local knowledge for ocean monitoring and management, and share our experiences to guide future efforts. Our 5-year collaborative research program identifies indicators of status and function of coastal ecosystems, moving beyond historical Western science practices by incorporating local and regional socio-cultural knowledge and needs. We propose that monitoring programs should include practical and accessible indicators that support Inuit priorities (e.g., ice thickness, fish size, and fish flesh color) that local communities and resource users can sustainably monitor and link to local priorities.