Corrigendum to “Flexibility and profitability in power-to-methanol plants: Integrating storage solutions and reserve market participation” [Energy 327 (2025)136438] (Energy (2025) 327, (S0360544225020808), (10.1016/j.energy.2025.136438))

The authors would like to address a minor methodological error in the original version of the paper, which resulted in small changes to the results. The error is in formulating the reserve activation cost/revenue term in Equation 12 and making corresponding modifications to Table 6, Figure 3, Figure 10, and Figure 11. Importantly, the modifications made to the study do not affect its fundamental findings or key insights. In many cases, the differences are subtle and difficult to visually discern. The adjustments were made primarily to ensure clarity and prevent potential misunderstandings arising from the originally presented equations. Correction to Equation 12 (page 7): The revenue stream for a PtX plant participating in the reserve market is now formulated as follows: [Formula presented] In the case of downward regulation activation, where the plant is required to increase its electricity consumption, the extra power consumed is settled at the balancing market price or regulation price. This results in an additional cost to the plant, as the difference between the planned and actual power purchase is positive. In contrast, during upward regulation activation, where the plant is instructed to decrease its consumption, the resulting difference (negative) leads to a reduction in electricity costs, as the grid compensates the plant based on the regulation price. Fig. 3 has been updated accordingly to reflect the correct revenue distribution structure in reserve market participation.[Figure presented] Fig. 3. Revenue distribution in reserve market participation Updated Results: In Table 6, minor adjustments have been made to the numbers in the first two rows. The modifications are very small and do not impact the main research results or discussion conclusions. Here is the updated table: Table 6. Results of reserve market activation scenarios [Table presented] In Fig. 10, the share of reserve market revenues in the total system revenue is updated from 4 % to 3 %.[Figure presented] Fig. 10. Revenue distribution of the plant. a) annual distribution to the b) monthly distribution In Fig. 11, the reserve market share in the levelized cost reduction has been corrected from 462.38 DKK/t to 380.03 DKK/t. Additionally, the Levelized Cost of Methanol (LCoM) has been adjusted from 6365.69 DKK/t to 6410.08 DKK/t.[Figure presented] Fig. 11. Levelized cost of Methanol distribution The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.