TY - JOUR
T1 - Comprehensive effects of integrated management on reducing nitrogen and phosphorus loss under legume-rice rotations
AU - Wang, Shaopeng
AU - Guo, Shufang
AU - Zhai, Limei
AU - Hua, Lingling
AU - Khoshnevisan, Benyamin
AU - Wang, Hongyuan
AU - Liu, Hongbin
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( 32072683 , 42067047 ), the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution (No. 1610132022008 ).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022
PY - 2022/8/10
Y1 - 2022/8/10
N2 - Paddy fields-based cropping systems are usually located in areas with dense water networks, so nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from rice paddy fields caused by runoff might pose a serious pollution risk to their surrounding water bodies. However, current research over establishing a low fertilizer input paddy-based cropping system with comprehensive management for reducing runoff losses of N and P is insufficient. A five-year field trial was carried out with a rice-fava planting system in the Erhai Lake watershed from 2015 to 2019. Three treatments were designed namely chemical fertilizer plus manure (CMF), reduced chemical fertilizer combined with manure at the same application rate under CMF treatment (RF), and returning straw plus chemical and organic fertilizers at the same rate with RF treatment (RFS). The mean annual runoff losses of total N (TN) and total P (TP) range from 0.99 to 1.39 kg ha−1 yr−1 and 0.09–0.12 kg ha−1 yr−1. Compared with CMF treatment, RF had lower runoff losses of TN and TP by 20.86% and 23.05%, respectively, but the yields and soil fertility were also reduced. After returning straw, soil organic carbon (SOC), TN, and crop yields were maintained or even increased, and runoff losses of TN and TP were further reduced by 9.48% and 7.41%, respectively, compared with RF. Therefore, the runoff losses of N and P decreased by selecting the rice-fava rotation system and reducing chemical fertilizer input through manure application and straw returning, which greatly reduced the surplus N and P in this system. Moreover, the temporal variation in the concentration of TN and TP, along with the N:P ratio approved the existence of potential risk caused by TN and TP losses to the watershed in the early stage of rice growth. Overall, in addition to taking field measures to reduce the N and P runoff losses from paddy fields, the runoff water with high N and P concentrations in early rice growth stage cannot be ignored.
AB - Paddy fields-based cropping systems are usually located in areas with dense water networks, so nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses from rice paddy fields caused by runoff might pose a serious pollution risk to their surrounding water bodies. However, current research over establishing a low fertilizer input paddy-based cropping system with comprehensive management for reducing runoff losses of N and P is insufficient. A five-year field trial was carried out with a rice-fava planting system in the Erhai Lake watershed from 2015 to 2019. Three treatments were designed namely chemical fertilizer plus manure (CMF), reduced chemical fertilizer combined with manure at the same application rate under CMF treatment (RF), and returning straw plus chemical and organic fertilizers at the same rate with RF treatment (RFS). The mean annual runoff losses of total N (TN) and total P (TP) range from 0.99 to 1.39 kg ha−1 yr−1 and 0.09–0.12 kg ha−1 yr−1. Compared with CMF treatment, RF had lower runoff losses of TN and TP by 20.86% and 23.05%, respectively, but the yields and soil fertility were also reduced. After returning straw, soil organic carbon (SOC), TN, and crop yields were maintained or even increased, and runoff losses of TN and TP were further reduced by 9.48% and 7.41%, respectively, compared with RF. Therefore, the runoff losses of N and P decreased by selecting the rice-fava rotation system and reducing chemical fertilizer input through manure application and straw returning, which greatly reduced the surplus N and P in this system. Moreover, the temporal variation in the concentration of TN and TP, along with the N:P ratio approved the existence of potential risk caused by TN and TP losses to the watershed in the early stage of rice growth. Overall, in addition to taking field measures to reduce the N and P runoff losses from paddy fields, the runoff water with high N and P concentrations in early rice growth stage cannot be ignored.
KW - Manure
KW - N and P runoff Losses
KW - Non-point source pollution
KW - Paddy
KW - Straw returning
U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132031
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.132031
M3 - Journal article
AN - SCOPUS:85130333589
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 361
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
M1 - 132031
ER -