TY - GEN
T1 - Chemical Basis of Arginine Citrullination and Methylation in Epigenetics
AU - Porzberg, Miriam
PY - 2022/9/14
Y1 - 2022/9/14
N2 - Histone tails extending from nucleosomes are subject to extensive posttranslationalmodifications by writer, reader and eraser proteins, and are crucial to epigenetic regulationof gene expression. PTM malfunctioning and aberrant expression of the respective writer,reader and eraser proteins have been linked to various diseases, like cancers and rheumatoidarthritis. While histone lysine methylation and acetylation are widely studied, arginine PTMsare poorly understood. The work described in this dissertation is directed towards a betterunderstanding of arginine citrullination and methylation with a special focus on novelhistone peptide substrates and binders of the involved proteins.Chapter 2 of this thesis explores the binding scope of PAD2-dependent citrullination of histone 4 peptides. Next to MALDI-TOF MS, NMR spectroscopy is applied for the first time to monitor the enzymatic conversion of arginine into citrulline by PAD2. Herein, H4DR3, H4hR3 and H4Cav3 were identified as novel PAD2 substrates, while H4RC3 and H4RNMe3 were identified as potent PAD2 inhibitors with IC50 = 10.7 μM and IC50 = 5.6 μM,respectively.Chapter 3 elucidates the biomolecular recognition of dimethylarginine by tandem Tudor domain protein Spindlin1. Through novel on-resin modifications, several dimethylarginineanalogs were incorporated in histone 3 peptides, followed by comparative ITC studies and molecular dynamics simulations. All dimethylarginine analogs were found to bind to Spindlin1 with nanomolar affinity, and high energy water molecules were found to contribute to protein-ligand association. The results indicate that K4me3 rather than R8me2a is the major contributor in histone 3 binding to Spindlin1.The work described in chapter 4 is directed towards a better understanding of histone arginine demethylation by lysine demethylase KDM4E. Through on-resin modifications on histone 3 peptides and subsequent MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, six novel substrates were identified, H3R2etme, H3hR2me2a, H3nR2me2a and H3hR8me2a being demethylated, and H3R2pyr and H3R2pip being hydroxylated by KDM4E.
AB - Histone tails extending from nucleosomes are subject to extensive posttranslationalmodifications by writer, reader and eraser proteins, and are crucial to epigenetic regulationof gene expression. PTM malfunctioning and aberrant expression of the respective writer,reader and eraser proteins have been linked to various diseases, like cancers and rheumatoidarthritis. While histone lysine methylation and acetylation are widely studied, arginine PTMsare poorly understood. The work described in this dissertation is directed towards a betterunderstanding of arginine citrullination and methylation with a special focus on novelhistone peptide substrates and binders of the involved proteins.Chapter 2 of this thesis explores the binding scope of PAD2-dependent citrullination of histone 4 peptides. Next to MALDI-TOF MS, NMR spectroscopy is applied for the first time to monitor the enzymatic conversion of arginine into citrulline by PAD2. Herein, H4DR3, H4hR3 and H4Cav3 were identified as novel PAD2 substrates, while H4RC3 and H4RNMe3 were identified as potent PAD2 inhibitors with IC50 = 10.7 μM and IC50 = 5.6 μM,respectively.Chapter 3 elucidates the biomolecular recognition of dimethylarginine by tandem Tudor domain protein Spindlin1. Through novel on-resin modifications, several dimethylarginineanalogs were incorporated in histone 3 peptides, followed by comparative ITC studies and molecular dynamics simulations. All dimethylarginine analogs were found to bind to Spindlin1 with nanomolar affinity, and high energy water molecules were found to contribute to protein-ligand association. The results indicate that K4me3 rather than R8me2a is the major contributor in histone 3 binding to Spindlin1.The work described in chapter 4 is directed towards a better understanding of histone arginine demethylation by lysine demethylase KDM4E. Through on-resin modifications on histone 3 peptides and subsequent MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, six novel substrates were identified, H3R2etme, H3hR2me2a, H3nR2me2a and H3hR8me2a being demethylated, and H3R2pyr and H3R2pip being hydroxylated by KDM4E.
U2 - 10.21996/prfe-j977
DO - 10.21996/prfe-j977
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -