Changes in gut microbiota predict neutropenia after induction treatment in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Maria Ebbesen Sørum, Ulrika Boulund, Silvia De Pietri, Sarah Weischendorff, Christian Enevold, Mathias Rathe, Bodil Elise Thorhauge Als-Nielsen, Henrik Hasle, Sünje Johanna Pamp, Jakob Stokholm, Klaus Müller

Publikation: Bidrag til tidsskriftTidsskriftartikelForskningpeer review

Abstract

Delayed neutrophil recovery during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment increases risk of infection and causes delay in chemotherapy. Emerging evidence implicates the gut microbiota in neutrophil reconstitution after chemotherapy. We explored the interplay between the gut microbiota and neutrophil dynamics, including neutrophil chemoattractants, in 51 children with newly-diagnosed ALL. Daily absolute neutrophil count (ANC), weekly plasma chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL8), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and fecal samplings were monitored until day 29 during ALL induction treatment. Fecal sequencing by 16S rRNA revealed an overall significant reduction in bacterial diversity and Enterococcus overgrowth throughout the induction treatment. Prolonged neutropenia (ANC<0.5x109 cells/L at day 36) and elevated chemokines levels were associated with decreased abundance of genera from the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families, decreased Veillonella genus, and Enterococcus overgrowth from diagnosis and throughout induction treatment. G-CSF was upregulated in response to neutropenia but unrelated to microbiota changes. Overall, this study reveals that diminished abundance of specific intestinal commensals and Enterococcus overgrowth are associated with delayed neutrophil reconstitution and increased chemokine signaling, indicating that disruption of the microbiota may contribute to prolonged neutropenia. These findings lay the groundwork for future investigations into the mechanisms behind these associations and their clinical implications for developing gut-sparring strategies to minimize the impact of gut dysbiosis on immune recovery.

OriginalsprogEngelsk
TidsskriftBlood Advances
ISSN2473-9529
DOI
StatusE-pub ahead of print - 19. nov. 2024

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Copyright © 2024 American Society of Hematology.

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