TY - GEN
T1 - Breast cancer theranostics: A preclinical evaluation of RM26 targeting the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor for molecular imaging and therapy
AU - Baun, Christina
PY - 2024/11/1
Y1 - 2024/11/1
N2 - Breast cancer patients with advanced metastatic disease must receive treatment for the
rest of their life. Unfortunately, most patients will develop acquired resistance to the
standard of care treatment over time, leading to uncontrolled progression, as no curative
therapies currently exist for these patients. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)
is overexpressed in breast cancer and comprises an interesting novel treatment target.
This thesis aimed to investigate the theranostic value of the peptide RM26 targeting the
GRPR in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer to overcome acquired resistance.The first Manuscript included a comparative evaluation of the two radioligands [
64Cu]CuNOTA-RM26 and [
64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-RM26 in comparison to their cobalt-55-labeled
counterparts to identify the optimal radioligand for next-day PET imaging. The cobaltlabeled radioligand demonstrated an overall better performance compared to the copperlabeled counterpart. Hence, the radionuclide cobalt-55 was selected for the further
evaluation of RM26 in breast cancer.The second Manuscript comprised a systematic scoping review focusing on the role of
GRPR as a theranostic target in breast cancer. The findings revealed that GRPR-targeting
antagonists could be particularly advantageous in the theranostic approach for estrogen
receptor-positive breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the review highlighted a need for
further studies exploring GRPR-targeting radioligand therapy.The third Manuscript evaluated the theranostic potential of [
55Co]Co/[177Lu]Lu-DOTARM26 in vitro in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, it aimed to assess
the diagnostic potential of [
55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 in vivo. The results demonstrated high
specific binding of both radioligands to breast cancer cells and a significant, dosedependent reduction in cell viability after treatment with [
177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26. In vivo
studies confirmed specific targeting of [
55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 to GRPR-expressing
breast cancer tumors with increasing tumor-to-organ ratios over time, confirmed by PET
imaging that showed optimal tumor visualization 24 h pi.The fourth Manuscript extended the preclinical evaluation of [
55Co]Co/[177Lu]Lu-DOTARM26 theranostics to breast cancer with acquired resistance. The results demonstrated
reduced but specific radioligand uptake in the treatment-resistant breast cancer cells,
suggesting lower GRPR expression than treatment-sensitive cells. Evaluation of
[
177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 in these cells significantly reduced tumor cell viability, albeit
with decreased treatment response compared to the treatment-sensitive breast cancer
cells.The additional in vivo data aimed to establish and refine an orthotopic model of estrogen
receptor-positive breast cancer with acquired resistance in mice. The results showed that
the model proved challenging and comprised several iterations for refinement. The results
indicate that estrogen supplementation is required to stimulate tumor growth, which can
lead to severe side effects in mice, with some strains being more sensitive than others.
However, the Balb/c nude mouse appears to be a viable option, and estrogen
supplementation in drinking water seems preferable to avoid hormone-related side
effects.The overall results of this thesis suggest that [
55Co]Co/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 holds
promising potential for the theranostic approach of estrogen receptor-positive breast
cancer, even in the context of acquired resistance. This thesis contributes valuable
preclinical insights into GRPR-targeted theranostics for breast cancer.
AB - Breast cancer patients with advanced metastatic disease must receive treatment for the
rest of their life. Unfortunately, most patients will develop acquired resistance to the
standard of care treatment over time, leading to uncontrolled progression, as no curative
therapies currently exist for these patients. The gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR)
is overexpressed in breast cancer and comprises an interesting novel treatment target.
This thesis aimed to investigate the theranostic value of the peptide RM26 targeting the
GRPR in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer to overcome acquired resistance.The first Manuscript included a comparative evaluation of the two radioligands [
64Cu]CuNOTA-RM26 and [
64Cu]Cu-NODAGA-RM26 in comparison to their cobalt-55-labeled
counterparts to identify the optimal radioligand for next-day PET imaging. The cobaltlabeled radioligand demonstrated an overall better performance compared to the copperlabeled counterpart. Hence, the radionuclide cobalt-55 was selected for the further
evaluation of RM26 in breast cancer.The second Manuscript comprised a systematic scoping review focusing on the role of
GRPR as a theranostic target in breast cancer. The findings revealed that GRPR-targeting
antagonists could be particularly advantageous in the theranostic approach for estrogen
receptor-positive breast cancer patients. Furthermore, the review highlighted a need for
further studies exploring GRPR-targeting radioligand therapy.The third Manuscript evaluated the theranostic potential of [
55Co]Co/[177Lu]Lu-DOTARM26 in vitro in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Furthermore, it aimed to assess
the diagnostic potential of [
55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 in vivo. The results demonstrated high
specific binding of both radioligands to breast cancer cells and a significant, dosedependent reduction in cell viability after treatment with [
177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26. In vivo
studies confirmed specific targeting of [
55Co]Co-DOTA-RM26 to GRPR-expressing
breast cancer tumors with increasing tumor-to-organ ratios over time, confirmed by PET
imaging that showed optimal tumor visualization 24 h pi.The fourth Manuscript extended the preclinical evaluation of [
55Co]Co/[177Lu]Lu-DOTARM26 theranostics to breast cancer with acquired resistance. The results demonstrated
reduced but specific radioligand uptake in the treatment-resistant breast cancer cells,
suggesting lower GRPR expression than treatment-sensitive cells. Evaluation of
[
177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 in these cells significantly reduced tumor cell viability, albeit
with decreased treatment response compared to the treatment-sensitive breast cancer
cells.The additional in vivo data aimed to establish and refine an orthotopic model of estrogen
receptor-positive breast cancer with acquired resistance in mice. The results showed that
the model proved challenging and comprised several iterations for refinement. The results
indicate that estrogen supplementation is required to stimulate tumor growth, which can
lead to severe side effects in mice, with some strains being more sensitive than others.
However, the Balb/c nude mouse appears to be a viable option, and estrogen
supplementation in drinking water seems preferable to avoid hormone-related side
effects.The overall results of this thesis suggest that [
55Co]Co/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-RM26 holds
promising potential for the theranostic approach of estrogen receptor-positive breast
cancer, even in the context of acquired resistance. This thesis contributes valuable
preclinical insights into GRPR-targeted theranostics for breast cancer.
U2 - 10.21996/p64p-bz87
DO - 10.21996/p64p-bz87
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -