Abstract
The utilization of renewable fuel alternatives holds promise for reducing the financial burden of regulatory compliance and the social responsibility associated with greenhouse gas emissions. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is one of the most versatile technologies for converting renewable biomass feedstocks (especially in the wet state) into biofuel (biocrude oil) in a compact plant. Therefore, this review is devoted to thoroughly reviewing and critically discussing biocrude oil production from biomass feedstocks through the HTL process. This review starts by discussing the principles of biomass HTL processing and product upgrading, aiming to provide a grounded and broad understanding of current developments in this domain. The data reported in the published literature are analyzed and visualized in order to scrutinize the effects of the main process parameters on the quantity, quality, cost, and environmental impacts of resultant biofuels. Higher biocrude oil yields are obtained at temperatures, pressures, and residual times between 300 and 350 °C, 24–27 MPa, and 15–25 min, respectively. Concerning yield and calorific value, biocrude oil derived from homogeneous catalysts demonstrates figures of 23.6 % and 32.1 MJ/kg, whereas that from heterogeneous catalysts exhibits percentages of 66.8 % and 40 MJ/kg, respectively. The challenges and prospects for the future development of biocrude oil are also discussed. HTL has a long way to go before being used for biofuel production on a large scale. Future studies appear to be directed towards the use of HTL technology under the biorefinery framework to maximize the exploitation of biomass into value-added products, while minimizing waste generation.
| Originalsprog | Engelsk |
|---|---|
| Artikelnummer | 113976 |
| Tidsskrift | Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews |
| Vol/bind | 189 |
| Udgave nummer | Pt. B |
| Antal sider | 38 |
| ISSN | 1364-0321 |
| DOI | |
| Status | Udgivet - jan. 2024 |
Bibliografisk note
Funding Information:The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under International Partnership Research Grant ( UMT /CRIM/2-2/2/23 (23), Vot 55302) for supporting this joint project with Henan Agricultural University under a Research Collaboration Agreement (RCA). This work is also supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) program (Vot. No. 63933 & Vot. No. 56051, UMT/CRIM/2-2/5 Jilid 2 (10) and Vot. No. 56052, UMT/CRIM/2-2/5 Jilid 2 (11)). The work is also supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in the University of Henan Province (No. 21IRTSTHN020) and Central Plain Scholar Funding Project of Henan Province (No. 212101510005). The authors would also like to extend their sincere appreciation to the University of Tehran and the Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam) for their support throughout this project. The authors want to acknowledge the financial support of Youth Talent Scholar of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution (No. 1610132020003), Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Fund of Government purchase of services from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (No. 13220198). B. Sels would like to thank iBOF NEXTBIOREF, KULeuven C2 GORILLA, IDN KULeuven Biocon, and ADLIBIO ETF. This publication has also been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (R. Luque and L. Vaccaro).
Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under International Partnership Research Grant (UMT/CRIM/2-2/2/23 (23), Vot 55302) for supporting this joint project with Henan Agricultural University under a Research Collaboration Agreement (RCA). This work is also supported by the Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia under the Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP) program (Vot. No. 63933 & Vot. No. 56051, UMT/CRIM/2-2/5 Jilid 2 (10) and Vot. No. 56052, UMT/CRIM/2-2/5 Jilid 2 (11)). The work is also supported by the Program for Innovative Research Team (in Science and Technology) in the University of Henan Province (No. 21IRTSTHN020) and Central Plain Scholar Funding Project of Henan Province (No. 212101510005). The authors would also like to extend their sincere appreciation to the University of Tehran and the Biofuel Research Team (BRTeam) for their support throughout this project. The authors want to acknowledge the financial support of Youth Talent Scholar of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution (No. 1610132020003), Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fund of Government purchase of services from Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (No. 13220198). B. Sels would like to thank iBOF NEXTBIOREF, KULeuven C2 GORILLA, IDN KULeuven Biocon, and ADLIBIO ETF. This publication has also been supported by the RUDN University Strategic Academic Leadership Program (R. Luque and L. Vaccaro).
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