TY - GEN
T1 - Assessment of hearing abilities in noise in school-age children with normal hearing and early-childhood otitis media
AU - Koiek, Shno
PY - 2021/12/27
Y1 - 2021/12/27
N2 - School-age children are often exposed to noise, which can hinder their language development and academic achievement. Tests suitable for detecting problems with hearing in noise are needed, especially in the case of suspected deficits such as in children with early-childhood otitis media (OM). OM is the most common childhood ear disease, causing temporary conductive hearing loss during a very sensitive period of auditory development. More recently, several studies have reported long-term negative consequences of early-childhood OM on the ability to take advantage of the information available from the left and right ears together – so-called binaural information – when trying to understand speech in noisy situations. However, the origin and severity of these effects are still unclear. In general, a better understanding of the specific auditory deficits caused by early-childhood OM could lead to improved diagnostics and treatment strategies for this population. To that end, sensitive audiological measures are needed. The purpose of the current PhD project was twofold: (1) to develop a Danish sentence corpus suitable for assessing speech recognition in noise in school-age children, and (2) to characterize the hearing-in-noise abilities of school-age children with and without early-childhood OM. To achieve this, three studies were conducted. In the first study, 11 test lists containing 20 sentences each from the validated Danish DAT corpus were carefully constructed. The perceptual similarity and reliability of these 11 test lists was then examined by measuring speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) in stationary speech-shaped noise with 20 normal-hearing school-age children. The results revealed six test lists that were characterized by high test-retest reliability and perceptual similarity. The other five lists were characterized by slightly lower reliability and perceptual similarity but were otherwise also usable.In the second study, the long-term effects of early-childhood OM on sensitivity to monaural and binaural phase information were investigated. The participants were 62 school-age children with or without a history of OM who at the time of testing all presented with type-A tympanograms and audiograms in the normal range. Monaural random frequency modulation detection thresholds and binaural tone-in-noise detection thresholds with the noise interaurally in-phase and the tone either interaurally in- (N0S0) or out-of-phase (N0S180) were measured. Based on the N0S0 and N0S180 thresholds, binaural masking level differences (BMLDs) were also calculated. The results showed smaller BMLDs in the children with a history of OM but no group differences in terms of the monaural or binaural detection thresholds. Neither was there an influence of individual otologic factors (i.e., OM onset age, overall OM duration, and time since the last OM episode) on the results of the OM children.The third study investigated the long-term effects of early-childhood OM on speech recognition in noise as well as on binaural and spatial advantage scores. The participants were the same 62 children as used for the second study. SRTs were measured in stationary speech-shaped noise with the speech from 0° azimuth and the noise from 90° azimuth and with the resultant stimuli presented either binaurally or monaurally to the ear opposite to the noise (‘binaural SRTs’ and ‘monaural SRTs’, respectively). Binaural advantage scores were then calculated by subtracting the binaural SRTs from the monaural SRTs. SRTs were also measured in the presence of competing speech with the target speech from 0° azimuth and two speech maskers from either 0° or ±90° azimuth (‘co-located SRTs’ and ‘spatially separated SRTs’, respectively). Spatial advantage scores were then calculated by subtracting the spatially separated SRTs from the co-located SRTs. Based on the individual otologic factors considered in the second study, an index of overall OM severity was derived that allowed dividing the OM children into two groups: children with a more or less severe progression of the disease. Compared to the normal-hearing controls, the children with more (but not less) severe OM showed elevated monaural, binaural, and spatially separated SRTs. Furthermore, there was a (non-significant) trend for the binaural and spatial advantage scores of the children with more severe OM to be reduced compared to the normal-hearing controls.In summary, the current PhD project produced a set of sentence-based test lists with high perceptual similarity and reliability, which are suited for speech-in-noise measurements with Danish school-age children. The test lists are publicly available for research and clinical purposes. The current PhD project also produced results suggesting that early-childhood OM has long-term negative consequences for subcortical binaural processing and speech-in-noise processing. Furthermore, the current PhD project showed that children with a relatively severe OM progression are at risk of experiencing long-term hearing-in-noise deficits, whereas children with a relatively mild OM progression are not. Overall, the adverse effects of early-childhood OM on later hearing-in-noise abilities observed here highlight the importance of timely treatment and auditory rehabilitation for this clinical population. It is recommended to consider the individual severity of the disease in the audiological assessment and rehabilitation of OM children.
AB - School-age children are often exposed to noise, which can hinder their language development and academic achievement. Tests suitable for detecting problems with hearing in noise are needed, especially in the case of suspected deficits such as in children with early-childhood otitis media (OM). OM is the most common childhood ear disease, causing temporary conductive hearing loss during a very sensitive period of auditory development. More recently, several studies have reported long-term negative consequences of early-childhood OM on the ability to take advantage of the information available from the left and right ears together – so-called binaural information – when trying to understand speech in noisy situations. However, the origin and severity of these effects are still unclear. In general, a better understanding of the specific auditory deficits caused by early-childhood OM could lead to improved diagnostics and treatment strategies for this population. To that end, sensitive audiological measures are needed. The purpose of the current PhD project was twofold: (1) to develop a Danish sentence corpus suitable for assessing speech recognition in noise in school-age children, and (2) to characterize the hearing-in-noise abilities of school-age children with and without early-childhood OM. To achieve this, three studies were conducted. In the first study, 11 test lists containing 20 sentences each from the validated Danish DAT corpus were carefully constructed. The perceptual similarity and reliability of these 11 test lists was then examined by measuring speech recognition thresholds (SRTs) in stationary speech-shaped noise with 20 normal-hearing school-age children. The results revealed six test lists that were characterized by high test-retest reliability and perceptual similarity. The other five lists were characterized by slightly lower reliability and perceptual similarity but were otherwise also usable.In the second study, the long-term effects of early-childhood OM on sensitivity to monaural and binaural phase information were investigated. The participants were 62 school-age children with or without a history of OM who at the time of testing all presented with type-A tympanograms and audiograms in the normal range. Monaural random frequency modulation detection thresholds and binaural tone-in-noise detection thresholds with the noise interaurally in-phase and the tone either interaurally in- (N0S0) or out-of-phase (N0S180) were measured. Based on the N0S0 and N0S180 thresholds, binaural masking level differences (BMLDs) were also calculated. The results showed smaller BMLDs in the children with a history of OM but no group differences in terms of the monaural or binaural detection thresholds. Neither was there an influence of individual otologic factors (i.e., OM onset age, overall OM duration, and time since the last OM episode) on the results of the OM children.The third study investigated the long-term effects of early-childhood OM on speech recognition in noise as well as on binaural and spatial advantage scores. The participants were the same 62 children as used for the second study. SRTs were measured in stationary speech-shaped noise with the speech from 0° azimuth and the noise from 90° azimuth and with the resultant stimuli presented either binaurally or monaurally to the ear opposite to the noise (‘binaural SRTs’ and ‘monaural SRTs’, respectively). Binaural advantage scores were then calculated by subtracting the binaural SRTs from the monaural SRTs. SRTs were also measured in the presence of competing speech with the target speech from 0° azimuth and two speech maskers from either 0° or ±90° azimuth (‘co-located SRTs’ and ‘spatially separated SRTs’, respectively). Spatial advantage scores were then calculated by subtracting the spatially separated SRTs from the co-located SRTs. Based on the individual otologic factors considered in the second study, an index of overall OM severity was derived that allowed dividing the OM children into two groups: children with a more or less severe progression of the disease. Compared to the normal-hearing controls, the children with more (but not less) severe OM showed elevated monaural, binaural, and spatially separated SRTs. Furthermore, there was a (non-significant) trend for the binaural and spatial advantage scores of the children with more severe OM to be reduced compared to the normal-hearing controls.In summary, the current PhD project produced a set of sentence-based test lists with high perceptual similarity and reliability, which are suited for speech-in-noise measurements with Danish school-age children. The test lists are publicly available for research and clinical purposes. The current PhD project also produced results suggesting that early-childhood OM has long-term negative consequences for subcortical binaural processing and speech-in-noise processing. Furthermore, the current PhD project showed that children with a relatively severe OM progression are at risk of experiencing long-term hearing-in-noise deficits, whereas children with a relatively mild OM progression are not. Overall, the adverse effects of early-childhood OM on later hearing-in-noise abilities observed here highlight the importance of timely treatment and auditory rehabilitation for this clinical population. It is recommended to consider the individual severity of the disease in the audiological assessment and rehabilitation of OM children.
U2 - 10.21996/hsj5-5014
DO - 10.21996/hsj5-5014
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Sundhedsvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -