TY - GEN
T1 - Anaerobic methane oxidation in coastal oxygen depleted waters: Dynamics, pathways, and environmental controls
AU - Steinsdóttir, Herdís Guðlaug
PY - 2021/12/20
Y1 - 2021/12/20
N2 - Contemporary dynamics in atmospheric concentrations of methane – a major regulator of global climate – have challenged our understanding of the global methane cycle, stressing the need for refining global methane sources and sinks. Coastal and shelf waters constitute the largest and most uncertain term in the marine methane emission budget, and while oxygen-depleted coastal waters contain particularly high concentrations of methane, little is known about their effect on emissions. In theory, these anoxic methane-rich waters also constitute ideal niches for anaerobic methane oxidation, yet this process and its potential role in flux mitigation has still not been explored in these systems, which in light of their predicted expansion is the knowledge gap motivating this thesis.This thesis studies the dynamics, pathways, and controls of anaerobic methane oxidation in two model systems: the seasonally anoxic Mariager Fjord, Denmark, and the coastal oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Manuscript I describes how the seasonal development of anoxia in Mariager Fjord influences the activity and community composition of methanotrophs. Methane accumulated to as much as 1.4 µM in anoxic bottom waters, yet its flux to surface waters was mitigated by efficient methane oxidation near the oxic-anoxic interface. This activity could be conducted both aerobically and anaerobically with near equal efficiency and was most likely mediated by the putatively aerobic Methylococcales of the Deep Sea-1 clade. Manuscript II and III describe pathways and long-term dynamics of anaerobic methane oxidation in the Golfo Dulce OMZ. In Manuscript II, a three-year study found stable, high concentrations of methane (up to 1.7 µM) and efficient anaerobic methane oxidation in the OMZ core, the latter constituting a substantial methane sink. Here, OPU3 and Deep Sea-1 clades of the Methylococcales were the most likely conveyors. Both clades always peaked in relative abundance in the OMZ core, indicating an adaptation to the anoxic environment. With their potential for an anaerobic metabolism unexplored and the methane oxidation pathway still elusive, Manuscript III used metagenomics and targeted rate and inhibitor experiments to address these knowledge gaps. Here, we showed that anaerobic methane oxidation was likely linked to denitrification. In addition, we resolved a niche partitioning of three Methylococcales lineages (ecotypes) in the OMZ, and based on functional analysis, we hypothesize that differences in capacity for denitrification, oxygen respiration, and motility sustain their presence and activity at different depths in the OMZ. Overall, this thesis has shown that oxygen-depleted coastal waters are environments with efficient methane turnover, and based on our estimates, the methane accumulating there does not influence regional atmospheric methane emissions.
AB - Contemporary dynamics in atmospheric concentrations of methane – a major regulator of global climate – have challenged our understanding of the global methane cycle, stressing the need for refining global methane sources and sinks. Coastal and shelf waters constitute the largest and most uncertain term in the marine methane emission budget, and while oxygen-depleted coastal waters contain particularly high concentrations of methane, little is known about their effect on emissions. In theory, these anoxic methane-rich waters also constitute ideal niches for anaerobic methane oxidation, yet this process and its potential role in flux mitigation has still not been explored in these systems, which in light of their predicted expansion is the knowledge gap motivating this thesis.This thesis studies the dynamics, pathways, and controls of anaerobic methane oxidation in two model systems: the seasonally anoxic Mariager Fjord, Denmark, and the coastal oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) of Golfo Dulce, Costa Rica. Manuscript I describes how the seasonal development of anoxia in Mariager Fjord influences the activity and community composition of methanotrophs. Methane accumulated to as much as 1.4 µM in anoxic bottom waters, yet its flux to surface waters was mitigated by efficient methane oxidation near the oxic-anoxic interface. This activity could be conducted both aerobically and anaerobically with near equal efficiency and was most likely mediated by the putatively aerobic Methylococcales of the Deep Sea-1 clade. Manuscript II and III describe pathways and long-term dynamics of anaerobic methane oxidation in the Golfo Dulce OMZ. In Manuscript II, a three-year study found stable, high concentrations of methane (up to 1.7 µM) and efficient anaerobic methane oxidation in the OMZ core, the latter constituting a substantial methane sink. Here, OPU3 and Deep Sea-1 clades of the Methylococcales were the most likely conveyors. Both clades always peaked in relative abundance in the OMZ core, indicating an adaptation to the anoxic environment. With their potential for an anaerobic metabolism unexplored and the methane oxidation pathway still elusive, Manuscript III used metagenomics and targeted rate and inhibitor experiments to address these knowledge gaps. Here, we showed that anaerobic methane oxidation was likely linked to denitrification. In addition, we resolved a niche partitioning of three Methylococcales lineages (ecotypes) in the OMZ, and based on functional analysis, we hypothesize that differences in capacity for denitrification, oxygen respiration, and motility sustain their presence and activity at different depths in the OMZ. Overall, this thesis has shown that oxygen-depleted coastal waters are environments with efficient methane turnover, and based on our estimates, the methane accumulating there does not influence regional atmospheric methane emissions.
U2 - 10.21996/71tg-5b70
DO - 10.21996/71tg-5b70
M3 - Ph.D. thesis
PB - Syddansk Universitet. Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet
ER -