Alox12/15 Deficiency Exacerbates, While Lipoxin A₄ Ameliorates Hepatic Inflammation in Murine Alcoholic Hepatitis

Alcoholism is one of the leading and increasingly prevalent reasons of liver associated morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) constitutes a severe disease with currently no satisfying treatment options. Lipoxin A₄ (LXA₄), a 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15)-dependent lipid mediator involved in resolution of inflammation, showed promising pre-clinical results in the therapy of several inflammatory diseases. Since inflammation is a main driver of disease progression in alcoholic hepatitis, we investigated the impact of endogenous ALOX15-dependent lipid mediators and exogenously applied LXA₄ on AH development. A mouse model for alcoholic steatohepatitis (NIAAA model) was tested in Alox12/15^+/+ and Alox12/15^−/− mice, with or without supplementation of LXA₄. Absence of Alox12/15 aggravated parameters of liver disease, increased hepatic immune cell infiltration in AH, and elevated systemic neutrophils as a marker for systemic inflammation. Interestingly, i.p. injections of LXA₄ significantly lowered transaminase levels only in Alox12/15^−/− mice and reduced hepatic immune cell infiltration as well as systemic inflammatory cytokine expression in both genotypes, even though steatosis progressed. Thus, while LXA₄ injection attenuated selected parameters of disease progression in Alox12/15^−/− mice, its beneficial impact on immunity was also apparent in Alox12/15^+/+ mice. In conclusion, pro-resolving lipid mediators may be beneficial to reduce inflammation in alcoholic hepatitis.