A Blockchain-Based Secure Mutual Authentication System for E-Government Services

Throughout the last decade, the online e-governance platform's services have promoted engagement between individuals and institutions by completing different e-government transactions. To utilise the government platform's services, the user must first be granted access to the e-government, which is accomplished by two-factor authentication based on log-in and password through SMS or even three-factor authentication by adding smart cards. Due of the use of electronic government by the conventional techniques of the central server to transmit data, these services suffer from the issue of centralisation, which is represented by the danger of exposure to an attack that leads to a malfunction that may result in service disruption and closure. Moreover, these vulnerabilities exacerbated consumers' worries about their data's privacy and security. Blockchain technology protects and decentralises log-in information in our electronic authentication system. The evaluation demonstrated that blockchain-based authentication is feasible and manageable. By utilising blockchain technology, the proposed decentralised authentication model aims to create a secure architecture that fully protects the electronic governance platforms through the authorised access process of users, overcomes the problem of centralisation, and protects user log-in and credential information and data rights through the use of digital signatures, encryption, and hashing technologies. The results showed that the total time for the user account creation process took “0.8” seconds to generate the user's public and private keys, and less than “0.1” seconds to create the user certificate, and less than “0.1” second to create the user's transaction, while the total time for the user's access to e-government services took “0.1” second.