Vincent currently works within four research areas.

• The first examines the tension between the conduct of the United States during the war on terror - particularly with respect to torture, habeas corpus, rendition, and targeted killing - and the established norms within the international human rights system prohibiting this conduct.
• The second examines the role of trust in shaping relations between states, particularly when conceptualised as a habitual ideational structure.
• The third explores the problems of trustworthiness and legitimacy facing non-governmental organizations (NGOs) at the domestic and international level.
• The last explores the phenomenon of conservative soft power, with a particular focus on Russia.

Vincent has published in International Studies Quarterly, the European Journal of International Relations, the Review of International Studies, the British Journal of Politics and International Relations, the Journal of International Relations and Development, International Politics and the Harvard Cold War Studies Book Series.

Vincent has previously held positions as a lecturer at the University of Durham and was a visiting professor at Université Paris II Panthéon-Assas.